Alpha is the first variant to hit the news, and concern over its emergence was the primary motivating factor for the construction of our state genomic surveillance system. Because of our rapid increase in sequencing, we've been able to detect other variants much earlier. (3/10)
Alpha initially raised more questions than we had answers, and subsequently caused quite a bit of panic in our community. I tried to address some of these to the best that I could. (4/10)
Alpha peaked at ~64% in Connecticut, much lower than what it reached in the UK. Its rapid rise in early 2021 was only surpassed by its recent fall.
I don't know why this is making me think 'Game of Thrones', but the π is dead (eaten by a Delta-shaped π²). RIP (5/10)
The new π is obviously Delta (first of its name), and it now makes up >95% of the sequenced cases in Connecticut.
We find it in 2 primary flavors: AY.3 (~15%) and B.1.617.2 (~80%). Its still not clear if one of these is more transmissible. (6/10)
The challenger, and second most common variant, is B.1.621 (& B.1.621.1 - Blue). I'm not yet sure if it will suffer the same fate as the other variants, but for now at least its still hanging around. (7/10)
BTW, the B.1.621 GISAID data submission issue has been fixed. As backlogged data gets uploaded, we should have a better picture of its national/global prevalence (8/10)
Our variant-specific Rt plots confirm that for the last 1.5 months, Delta, and to some extent B.1.621, has been driving transmission (i.e. Rt > 1). Cases for all other variants are decreasing even during this resurgence. Thus cases wont come down until we bring Delta down. (9/10)
Thanks to our friends in Puerto Rico (@fabyhealthyle ), Dominican Republic (@PaulinoRobert ), and USVI, we are producing reports and custom Nextstrain builds for the Caribbean too. We'll start generating weekly threads in the near future. (10/10)
Besides Delta, the other major story here is B.1.621. It's now firmly the second most frequent variant in CT (~8%), and has so far been able to maintain its ground against the expansion of Delta. Something that Alpha, Gamma, and everything else couldn't do. (3/9)
All of our B.1.621 + B.1.621.1 (important emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant) submissions are being rejected by GISIAD. This has some important implications that data producers + public health agencies should be aware of.
Technical π§΅(1/12)
We usually have a few sequences/week that get rejected for QC reasons (eg indel in a string of As or Ts). It takes a few days for these to be fixed and reposted. Sometimes longer depending on our bandwidth. These are usually a random distribution so not a problem if delayed(2/12)
This past week we had 40+ sequences get rejected, and almost all of them were B.1.621/B.1.621.1. @JosephFauver found that all of these sequences have a 4 nt deletion in ORF3A that results in a premature stop codon about ~50 nt upstream. GISAID sees these and kicks them back(3/12)
One of the π parts of our study is that we used virus isolates (not pseudovirsues) that represent much of the genetic diversity in our region. This allowed us to examine local effects and to dive into the genetic components of πneutralization (2/22)
These are the results that I want to spend some time with as there is a lot to unpack here. I know that I am a bit biased, but this is such a π figure! (3/22)
2/10 Our data combined with the CDC indicates that Delta was ~64% by 6/28 in Connecticut and may have been as high as 80% by 7/6 (remember that sequencing data always has a bit of a lag). Also, the rise in Delta is replacing almost all other variants.
3/10 In addition to B.1.617.2, we are also seeing the sub-lineages AY.1, AY.2, and AY.3, which are all classified as Delta. Some AY.1's have K417N and some AY.2's have V70F. AY.3 is defined by mutations outside of spike. The functional differences between these are unknown.
2/9 Last week when we reported that Delta was only 2.3% I said: "This is probably more of a reflection of noisy data when trying estimate frequencies from a small number of cases", and followed that up with an expectation that we will see Delta π.
3/9 This week we are seeing the expected π in Delta (B.1.617.2), but the caveat still remains that our estimates are noisy because of the low numbers of sequenced cases (a product of the low numbers of cases, which is a good problem to have π)