25. "Most #Hazara men were killed during the fight which spanned from 1891 to 1893. Dr Lee says that over 50 percent of the Hazara "male population" died as "a direct or indirect result of the war." This is, in my personal opinion, a very reasonable figure.
26. "Most for the Hazara women and children were taken captive and sold as slaves. Throughout the country, #Hazaras constituted the overwhelming majority of slaves in the bazaars. In fact there were so many that they greatly decreased the prices of slaves.
27. "According to Dr Lee, "thousands of [Hazara] women were forcibly married to #Pashtuns in a deliberate attempt to destroy #Hazara social and religious hierarchies."
28. "Abdur Rahman Khan profited most from the war. The government taxed both the sale of #Hazara slaves and their usurped lands and in the process exacting both "ushr" (tithe) and "khums"
29. "Some #Pashtun government officials gave their co-ethnics interest-free loans from the so-called Bayt-ul-Mal to go and settle in the #Hazarajat. This they did.
30. "According to Katib "400,000 #Hazara household" were driven out from their homes of whom only 10-20% found safety outside Afghanistan. The rest were either killed or enslaved. Some committed suicide, some were eaten by wolves, some froze to death b/c of cold weather.
31. "Scholars are increasingly seeing the Hazara Wars as an act of #genocide (though some surly historians are still reluctant). The best case presented so far of #Hazaragenocide is by Dr Ibrahimi.
End.
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Following up on the last thread here I am going to share @IbrahimiNiamat observations about what a critical understanding of incidents like this war mean for understanding of #Afghanistan history & politics.
1. "In 1893, the Hazara War ended with a total one-sided victory. No significant effort was to heal the deep wounds that were left behind by the Amir. In 1921, Amanullah Khan outlawed slavery but structural and socio-economic power relations that developed in 1893 persisted.
2. "When he died, in the words of Prof. @BRRubin, the Amir left behind a ‘consolidated if terrorized state’ (2002, p. 52). That is to say, the state gained an overwhelming coercive power but the society it governed was left with deep traumas and wounds.
In this thread I will share a few remarks by @IbrahimiNiamat about the war.
For those interested to read more details, please read Mr. Ibrahimi’s book ‘The Hazaras and the Afghan state: Rebellion, Exclusion and Struggle for Recognition’.
1. "Amir Abd Rahaman Khan is often recognised as the founder of modern Afghanistan for his role in imposing a centralised authority over the country’s present territories. He is one of the most contested figures in Afghanistan’s history.
2. "The Amir’s reign was a period of constant violence, much of which was directed towards various groups in Afghanistan. In his semi-autobiographical account, he claims he fought 40 separate rebellions (nearly 2 per year). He describes four of them as civil wars (p.249).
I am going to share some findings of @NamaKadrie about the history of the Hazaras in this thread. This may help you in understanding the current situation in Afghanistan a bit better.
1. "In analysing the history of #Afghanistan, scholars and historians often assessed the independence and autonomy of a given region based on their ability to resist an imposition of tax. Paying levies was therefore the way power-relations and supremacy was understood.
2. "In this sense, the #Hazarajat as a whole was what scholars often deemed as a “semi-independent” region. By 1891, aside from #Uruzgan, every other region (14 districts) of the #Hazarajat paid taxes to Abdur Rahman Khan.
I am going to share some findings of @KadrieNama about the history of the Hazaras in this thread.
1. "In analysing the history of #Afghanistan, scholars and historians often assessed the independence and autonomy of a given region based on their ability to resist an imposition of tax. Paying levies was therefore the way power-relations and supremacy was understood.
2. "In this sense, the #Hazarajat as a whole was what scholars often deemed as a “semi-independent” region. By 1891, aside from #Uruzgan, every other region (14 districts) of the #Hazarajat paid taxes to Abdur Rahman Khan.
The Taliban has been presenting their soft image to the world as the Afghanistan issue is hot and the whole world is watching it closely. But this doesn’t mean that the Taliban has changed. I’ll explain in this thread and will show you some evidence as well.
The Taliban opened fire and killed at least a dozen of Afghanistan’s Special Forces units on 16 June in the town of Dawlat Abad in Faryab province, close to Afghanistan's border with Turkmenistan. edition.cnn.com/2021/07/13/asi…
“After taking over Spin Boldak district, the Taliban chased and identified past and present government officials and killed these people who had no combat role in the conflict,” the group said, adding at least 40 people had been killed by the Taliban. aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/2/…
We want all refugees in onshore detention centres & hotel prisons to know the @ASRC1 are still fighting for your rights. Today we lodged 16 page submission to Senate Committee to try & stop a dangerous new amendment. Here is a thread on why this must be stopped. Please read & RT.
What is Dutton trying to do? He is trying to get passed Migration Amendment) Prohibiting Items in Immigration Detention (Facilities) Bill 2020. Here are all the reasons it's dangerous, must be rejected completely and would severely curtail the rights of refugees in detention 2/20
It is a Bill which has no valid purpose, as existing powers are more than sufficient for the safe and orderly management of detention centres. Its main purposes are to remove
detainees’ access to devices with internet connectivity, which are their ‘life-line’ to family.. 3/20