Sometimes faculty complain about the stubborn Ph.D. student, who seems unaffected by advice. Talent and energy are risk factors for this disease, and, worse, is closely related to personality traits of many successful academics.

A few random thoughts.

1/
What "bad stubborn" looks like from the advisor perspective is that you thoughtfully engage with the work, repeatedly say something (that you feel is) REALLY IMPORTANT that should affect the project, and perceive it not to be affecting the project or the student's thought.

2/
A friend wishes they could tell students one cheat code for success. When faculty say, "This seems like a question you can answer in your project and people would really care about the answer," *actually try to do that*, or at least have serious conversations about it.

3/
What makes this a challenging issue is that an idiosyncratic intellectual prejudice about what's interesting and/or important is often the seed of important work. Being too flexible about taking directional suggestions can stifle that.

4/
Nevertheless, my one nontrivial observation is that it in these cases, it can be greatly to a student's benefit to think of the advisor as a sympathetic critic who wants their concern to be understood and engaged with deeply, not agreed with.

5/
This often requires a mental move which I think is unambiguously useful: letting go of the lens through which you see your contribution (where the concerns seem marginal or mistaken) and finding one through which the advisor's concerns REALLY make sense and feel central.

6/
I think on the whole that capacity is more helpful the more creative your work is. It provides some insurance against getting into a mental place where you have trouble even really talking to colleagues in a productive way.

7/
Stubborn students' first attempts at this are often unsuccessful, because they look more like projecting the concern into their own world and dealing with it in a way that makes sense only to them. The more confident you are that this is not your solution, the better.

8/
This has all been assuming that one's core ideas are really good. A more mundane possibility is that advisors have research ideas better than your own that they don't have time to work on and give them away for free. Ignoring them can be a serious mistake!

9/
Obviously my perception (on both sides) is very specific to my own area/experience.

(Writing this now because there happen to be no students I work with now who could misread this as applying to them but just in case -- this is not a subtweet of anyone, near or far.)

10/10
Friends tell me my writing is obscure!

It's supposed to be advice to students: having a strong viewpoint is cool, but don't be stubborn. Don't assume your advisors just don't get it. Really persuade them. Also, consider that their suggestions may give you a better project to do.

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More from @ben_golub

2 Sep
A real-world high stakes game of experimentation with externalities:

Last night at 10, my car was at the front of several miles of cars on the Garden State Parkway all stuck behind a segment of road 3-5 feet underwater. You could try to drive through if you wanted,
but most people were dissuaded by the half dozen stalled/flooded cars in the water.

For about three hours, one vehicle every 15 minutes or so would go for it. Whether it succeeded depended on its type, the path it took, and the water depth.
The interesting thing is that a failed experiment (trying and having your car stall in 3 feet of water) has considerable private cost: deeply flooded cars are totaled, and the cost of even a lucky recovery in such a case is more than a few thousand dollars.
Read 8 tweets
14 Jun
An applied mathematician I know thinks it's hilarious that economists care about formal rigor so much more than, e.g., applied physicists do.

Rigor, he says, is valuable, but other inputs currently seem to have a much higher return for advancing economic theory.

1/
For example, if our theorizing about long-run outcomes of social learning falls short of our potential, it's not because we forgot to check a subtle condition in applying the martingale convergence theorem in our model of their Bayesian behavior.

2/
(their = the agents').

"His people" (applied mathematicians, applied physicists) would not worry about that. Instead, they would quickly work through much more "theory," but without great rigor, and use the results to refine the collective decision about how to continue.

3/
Read 10 tweets
10 Jun
A few simple facts that some people find surprising the first time they hear them.

Imagine $100 is behind door A or B and I give you independent hints about which. The hint says either A or B but is right only 55% of the time.

First hint is worth $5, second hint is worth... $0!
Why? Because the second hint never makes you *want* to change your decision. (Think about the four possible hint combinations.)

This is a key idea behind a beautiful paper by Meg Meyer, here:

2/
If you want the second hint to be useful, you need to make it biased, "favoring" the leading option, so that if it comes back a surprising negative against the leader, you might actually change your decision.

Meyer uses this to derive implications about organizations.

3/
Read 7 tweets
28 Apr
I've been playing around with a virtual talk format that's different from traditional slides, which deals with my biggest complaint about slides: lack of persistence of information.

Almost always, I want to see "setup" again during the first result/example, but it's gone.

1/ Image
In the format here, each panel is basically a slide, and I reveal these panels one by one.

That might be too small on a projector screen. But when everyone is in front of a monitor anyway, this seems to be better for giving the "lookback opportunities" I would want.

2/
Overall, I've never learned/understood better than during college math classes where professors slowly filled up six nice sliding boards.

In an ideal world, we could have this but with prepared content.

Probably not happening soon, but virtual talks allow an approximation!
3/3
Read 8 tweets
24 Apr
David Blackwell would be turning 102 today.

He's best known for the Blackwell information ordering, the way to formalize when some signals give you more information than other signals.

A thread on Blackwell's lovely theorem and a simple proof you might not have seen.

1/
Blackwell was interested in how a rational decision-maker uses information to make decisions, in a very general sense. Here's a standard formalization of a single-agent decision and an information structure.

2/
One way to formalize that one info structure, φ, dominates another, φ', is that ANY decision-maker, no matter what their actions A and payoffs u, prefers to have the better information structure.

While φ seems clearly better, is it definitely MORE information?

3/
Read 18 tweets
8 Apr
Our perceptions of some of the things we experience are deeply inaccurate. 🧵

Case 1: The vast majority of restaurants get few visits and go out of business quickly. This seems surprising because the typical restaurant you experience is busy and long-lived.

1/
The gap between reality and perception happens because few people experience any given unpopular, short-lived restaurant. Precisely because it is unpopular and short-lived!

The brilliant @CFCamerer, who gave this example, notes that it's not just curious but consequential.

2/
We, including aspiring restauranteurs, undersample unsuccessful restaurants so badly that it can make the restaurant business intuitively feel easy.

So too many people start restaurants who should have done other things instead.

3/
Read 15 tweets

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