3 Oct 1993, 2 US Blackhawk helicopters shot down by Somalis in Mogadishu. In recovery operation US Rangers were surrounded by Somalis. Indian & Italian armies refused to support US Rangers. Pakistan Army led part of operation, fought bravely & safely recovered over 40 US Rangers.
During planning of rescue operation, the US Rangers sought tank support for their ground rescue operation from Indian & Italian army contingents in Somalia as their tanks had night fighting capability. Both the armies refused to support the US Forces at this critical hour.
Though US contingent knew that 1952 vintage M48 tanks given to Pakistan by UN did not have night vision capability, when they requested for Pakistani help, Pak Army readily consented and ordered concerned forces to provide all-out support to American troops in their hour of need.
Operation started at 23:30, led by tanks of Pak 19 Lancers & troops of Pak 15 Frontier Force, fighting throughout the night. Led multi-national forces through Mogadishu's narrow streets under intense fire from all directions & boldly and bravely arrived at the target area.
On reaching the target, Pakistan Army effectively cordoned-off objective area & also provided intimate fire support to surrounded US troops in their rescue effort. Early next morning when withdrawal of US troops commenced, Somali militia destroyed some troop carrying vehicles.
At this critical moment, while under fire, Pakistani troops accommodated about 40 US soldiers in their Armoured Personnel Carriers and some US soldiers were even lodged inside the tanks. A left behind injured US soldier in the ensuing battle was also rescued by Pakistani troops.
Pakistan Army continued to provide support to the withdrawing US forces till the whole contingent reached the safety of Pakistani camp on 5 October 1993.
Battle Casualties
US-18 Killed 73
Wounded
Malaysia-1 Shaheed
Pakistan-1 Injured
Copy of signal message from General Joseph P. Hoar, Commander US Central Command to Pakistan Army Chief, acknowledging and appreciating Pakistan Army's brave effort to support US Army in Mogadishu, Somalia.
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
More than 2700 years ago a huge university existed in ancient Pakistan, near Islamabad where over 10,500 students including students from 16 different countries came for higher studies. Great scholars taught over 64 different disciplines. This was Taxila (Takshashila) University.
Professor Noam Chomsky attributes the origin of linguistics, as also a product of Taxila (Takshashila) University of Pakistan.
Literally meaning "City of Cut Stone" or "Rock of Taksha", Taxila at the time was described as wealthiest city of Indus Valley, Pakistan. Taxila University attracted international students from 16/17 different countries including China, Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Babylonia & Greece.
During 1886-1947, in Punjab, Pakistan significant internal migrations took place due to creation of 9 canal colonies by British. Uncultivable lands in Lyallpur, Sorgodha, Shahpur, Sahiwal, Multan, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Gujarat & Sialkot Dists were turned into cultivable land.
The canal colonies were created to meet the imperial British needs of wheat and cotton and other agri-produce etc for use in Britain, to raise mares, mules and studs and camels for the police and army, and to decongest the crowded parts of the province.
British created network of barrages & canals to irrigate land for cheap agri-produce for UK. For its transportation, railway line was also laid between Lahore & Karachi. Eastern banks of all major canals were laid higher for better defensive positions against Russian invasion.
Original abode of Afghans and Pashtuns has always been the Suleiman Range of Pakistan, due to which they were also known as Sulemanis. Ahmed Shah Abdali, born in Multan, Pakistan in 1722, created the first Pakistani Afghan Empire from 1747–1772.
Earlier, Pashtuns were also called Sulemanis as Koh-i-Suleman, Pakistan was their country. Qasim Sulemani's disciple who wrote Asrar-ul-Afghan says Pashtuns are also called Sulemanis in Hind (Pakistan). Ibn-i-Batuta stated, Afghans are Sulemanis as their abode is Suleman Range.
For invaders, Afghanistan's geo-strategic importance only related/relates to it being used as a thoroughfare or a time curtailed occupation of jump-off points for locations which were geo-politically & geo-strategically much more important.
11 drilled teeth for dental restoration in a living person were found in 9 adults in a graveyard at Mehrgarh, Pakistan dating from 9000-7500 years ago. It evidenced practice of dentistry. Presumably, know-how acquired by artisans of bead production was used to drill human teeth.
Reference
In 2006, British scientific journal Nature wrote; first evidence of drilling of human teeth was found at excavation in Mehrgarh, Pakistan.
Biomaterials: A Tantalus Experience by Jozef A. Helsen, Yannis Missirlis
Reference
Early Neolithic Tradition of Dentistry by A. Coppa, L. Bondioli, A. Cucina, D. W. Frayer, C. Jarrige, J. F. Jarrige, G. Quivron, M. Rossi, M. Vidale & R. Macchiarelli
Sir Creek is 2nd major dispute between Pakistan & India. Emerged in 1905 between states of Sindh & Kutch. Resolved in 1914. Not objected by both countries in 1947. Re-emerged after Apr 1965 clashes. UN Boundary Commission marked Pillar 1175, stating rest resolved per 1914 award.
Later, Republic of India deviated from its position. Ist claimed western line of Sir Creek and later changed it to the centre (red line) of Creek. Pakistan claims eastern (green) line of Sir Creek as international border, as agreed to in 1914 resolution.
Republic of India claims, as Base Point on Land has not been indicated, maritime boundary be delineated from seaward side, leaving area near coastline un-demarcated. Pakistan states that as per internationally accepted norms, land terminus be marked Ist & maritime boundary later.
Let us remember the 500,000 innocent Pakistani civilian men, women & children massacred by Indian Army & Indian Army trained Mukti Bahini terrorists in 110 cities of East Pakistan during 1971.
Let us also remember over 50,000 innocent Pakistani civilians made POWs by Indian Army
Indian sponsored Mukti Bahini reign of terror remains one of the most barbaric chapters of human miseries. Humanity wept as men were beheaded in front of their wives, children lynched & murdered in mothers’ wombs, women brutally raped & their naked bodies mutilated in streets.
20 Mar-10 Apr 1971
In Kushtia town, East Pakistan Regiment & terrorists attacked, killing 1000-1500 civilians including army personnel.
White Papers: Government of Pakistan (1971) p.24
Without Pak Army's support, one can imagine what would've happened to Pakistani civilians.