@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Meijer was married to Branca, born 05-04-1887. They had 3 daughters:
> Anna Rosina, born 27-03-1911
> Eva, born 18-11-1913
> Dina, born 26-07-1918
Meijer was born in a poor family. He had to work, from the age of 10, in a pottery factory (📷1).
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) In 1923 the factory where he worked moved from Amsterdam to Gouda, so he was fired.
After that, self-taught Meijer Smeer, earned his living mainly as the conductor of several choirs, mostly in Amsterdam. He, and his choirs, won several prizes at singing competitions.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) He had conducted at least 14 choirs.
But in 1941 he was no longer allowed to be director and they became without income.
Their daughter Dina married Semaria (Mario) Gabay on 23-04-1942. As Semaria had a Turkish passport they didn't have to wear the yellow star.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (4/n) (Turkey was considered a neutral state).
On 30-03-1943 their daughter Serica Bianca was born. Although they were relatively save, because of Semaria's Turkish passport, they decide to go into hiding. Meyer and Branca also went into hiding.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (5/n) In January 1944 Dina met her cousin Branca Simons in Amsterdam. Dina told her that they had just moved to a hotel. Dina was unaware of the fact that her cousin, also Jewish, worked for the Germans. Branca tells the Germans about her cousin and they got 'arrested'.😠
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@AuschwitzMuseum (6/n) The same day Meijer and his wife are also 'arrested'. They are almost immediately deported, via Westerbork, to Auschwitz.😢
Dina's daughter dies in Westerbork on 28-02-1944. (11 months)💔
Dina & Semaria were deported with the last transport on 03-09-1944 to Auschwitz.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (7/n) This is the same transport as Anne Frank and her family were on.
Dina and Semaria were both selected into the camp and died a few weeks later.😢
Dina's sister Eva marries as a non-Jewish husband which saved her life.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (8/n) Dina's other sister Anna Rosina, her husband and their daughter Vera, born 16-04-1936, fled to France on the day the Germans invaded the Netherlands. In Toulouse Vera's brother Eduard Martin is born on 23-05-1942.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (9/n) Later they were able to escape to Switzerland and because Eduard was under the age of 6 they were allowed to stay.
They had hid their official documents all the time in Vera's doll.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (10/10) Meijer we will remember you and your poor family members.😢💔🕯️✡️
@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) This young woman, called Suzie, was the daughter of Albert, born 12-04-1882 and Henriette, born 27-02-1893. Both born in Romania.
She had a sister Ruth, born 04-06-1924.
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1-Susanne with her dog Fosco
2-With her friend Kees Zuidweg
3-Sister Ruth
4-whole family
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) The family was in #Westerbork probably from 01-09-1942. On the Jewish council card it says: Uitgesteld (Postponed) 01-09-1942, so they were probably first to be deported on 01-09-1942.
While on Westerbork Suzanne wrote at least 2 letters to her boyfriend Kees Zuidweg.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) These letters were given to the Joods Historisch Museum by the son of Kees. Kees died in 1955 at the age of 36 (not sure if he was Jewish). Kees wrote many letters to Suzie and supplied them with food and other things. He also took care of Suzie's dog Fosco.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Ilse was the daughter of Leni nee Roos, born 29-05-1990 and Julius, born 18-08-1879. The family lived in Karlsruhe. Ilse, although Jewish, went to a catholic school run by nuns. The catholic did not differentiate according to “racial” criteria.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) This in contrast to public schools which from 1936 were no longer allowed to attend Jewish children. Julius had a business selling wines, spirits, colonial goods and sweets. After the kristallnacht the forced "Aryanization" of all Jewish businesses followed.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) From August 1939 the Scharff family were forced to live in a "Jewish house". They were no longer allowed to live in "Aryan houses". In August 1939 the family applied to leave for Chile and on 23-11-1939 they got their passports for Visas.
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(1/n) Charlotte, surviving sister of Suzanne Huisman, was married to Louis Kat, a diamond cutter, born 16-07-1909. They had 2 children, Robert (Rob) and Irene.
Louis's sister Eva and her husband had plans to go to Switzerland and Louis wanted to join with his family.
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(2/n) But as he didn't want to leave his parents alone they stayed in Amsterdam.
But in 1942 live became more and more harsh and he knew he had to do something. He heard that he could get to Switzerland if he had enough diamonds.
(📷 Charlotte, Irene and Rob, 1941)
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(3/n) He went to an agreed address but it turned out to be a setup by the Nazis and he got arrested. He was sent, via Westerbork, to Auschwitz, where he died on 30-04-1943.😢
Charlotte stayed in their home📷 until early 1943 but then went into hiding with her son.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Martha was married to Joseph, born 07-08-1900 who was a shoe merchant. They had a daughter Eva, born 25-05-1931 and lived in Dortmund. Probably after 'kristallnacht' they knew they had to leave Germany. Eva is the first. In November 1938 she arrived in the Netherlands.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) She has been in an orphanage but finally gets with friends of the family in The Hague. Evi dreams of becoming a fashion illustrator and refuses to speak a single word of German. She first attends a public school but in 1941 she is no longer allowed to.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) She then had to walk (as she was not allowed to take the tram) to a Jewish school.
The family of a non-Jewish schoolfriend offer her to live with them and pretend she's the sister of her friend. But Eva doesn't dare to accept that. From August 1942 she is in Westerbork.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Zahri, or Salmin, wife of Isaac, born 16-03-1898. They emigrated to Paris in 1935 and had 4 children. In Paris 2 other children were born:
> Andre📷, born 27-05-1927
> Rene📷, born 02-03-1929
> Raymond born 01-07-1931
> Max Paul (1935)
> Nelly (1938)
> Pierre (1940)
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) One of the anti Jewish rules in France was that when Jews were standing in a line for a shop they were obliged to let Non-Jews to get before them in the line. 😠This would often led to Jews not being able to buy anything at all.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) Zahri, worried about her family, didn't accept this rule. One day a woman demanded to get in front of her, but she refused. A few days later she heard that the woman informed the authorities and they would come and arrest her.
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(1/8) On 01-06-1931 Bartha Valk (📷on the right) was born in Groningen. She was the daughter of Mozes, born 25-11-1904 and Naatje Valk nee Cohen, born 25-04-1899. She had a sister Jetje, born 28-02-1934.
Mozes settled in Groningen in 1924 and started a pastry shop.
(2/8) In 1927 he married Naatje Cohen. Before the war they lived in Groningen, but on their Jewish Council card is an adres in Amsterdam. This is probably the house (📷2) they had to move to. This street, the Schalk Burgerstraat, was in the so called judenviertel II...
(3/8) ..or Jewishquarter II. On 20-06-1943 was the last big roundup in Amsterdam. Because previous raids had insufficient results, the German occupier decided to prepare this raid in secret. Early in the morning this neighbourhood was completely closed.