This is a true story, but also science legend. When bogs want to share their secrets, they delight with sunlight & spider webs glistening on wet stems, dragonflies feasting. But a bog can turn on you at any moment, as I learned. 1/
The drive was fueled by stories and big laughter from our guests. Approaching the rolling hills of West Virginia, the Czech scientists pressed their faces against the warm windows. We rolled into motel rooms eager to greet the morning. Such perfect field conditions we thought. 2/
Early morning realization- thick fog had settled in & I couldn’t see the field truck. It will burn off we said confidently. But there was no laughing as we hiked into the bog. Crunchy footsteps connected with frozen peat. It was a magical strange world draped in hoar frost. 3/
My boot broke the ice & I sunk to my knee. Then the other leg broke through. The peat laughed as I pointed my toes, straining to move forward. Bog walking requires ceding & giving respect to the peat. I passed the test, and was allowed to walk on the surface again, exhausted. 4/
Our sampling location brought rejuvenation, energetic chatter about where to core. It was still cold & damp, but we focused on the task, ignored all else. Perhaps we were too loud, too focused, didn't pay our respects. Remember this, there are lessons to be learned in the bog. 5/
Coring peat is destructive. We accept this in the name of science. This time we made mistakes. The surface was too soft, then the fine roots stopped the corer. We brought out long knives to conquer them, pushing elbows deep into the peat. But the bog had another play... 6/
The corer was deep in the peat now, victory was near. But there was resistance - a thick root we all agreed. We pressed on, it was getting messy, this struggle of people versus peat. I turned around, and the bog was still, quiet, in control. I turned back and faced chaos. 7/
Minutes passed and brought exhaustion. This root must be huge! And then a slow exclamation pierced my ears and radiated across the bog surface. The visiting Czech scientist exclaimed slowly and deliberately, "That is NOT a root….you are cutting my finger." 8/
Oh god, we were sawing through his numb finger. The bog sighed and released us. Human hormones overrode the cold. We abandoned the core and administered first aid. Could have been worse...will try again another time. We left humble, regretful, and more respectful than before. /9
A story can be both truthful and lore. It can speak to our hubris and how inconsequential we are. Science is powerful, but is no match against millenia of bog formation. In a game of us or the peat, you can skim the surface before sinking too deep to know the difference. /10
Thank you for reading & sharing this short bog tale! We can be exuberant about collecting information for science, but we must always be aware of our surroundings & natural history, & never forget to pay attention to small details that often are more important than we know. /fin
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
This is a story about one of the most powerful plants on Earth, the climate champion Sphagnum moss. This story is about science, discovery, & how much we have left to learn. Not about a distant planet, but a group of plants millions of years old that continues to astound us. 1/
Sphagnum are infamous for storing carbon from the atmosphere via thick layers of peat. Sphagnum tissue decomposes slowly, sometimes more slowly than wood! As a result Sphagnum & peatlands have cooled our climate for millennia. So please thank Sphagnum moss! 2/
In the 1990's I was a new graduate student looking for a way to merge interests in ecology & climate. I started working on permafrost thaw in peatlands, but became obsessed w/ a simple question. Why does Sphagnum decompose slowly? It's unusual so why Why WHY? 3/
In @NMNH's panel on vicious #climate cycles, I was asked why permafrost is important. Here I'll give my top reasons from carbon to caribou. #1 For millenia, permafrost has been Earth's freezer for ancient C. Permafrost stores more C than global forests; on par w/ fossil fuels. 1/
Reason #2. Permafrost is the backbone of the Arctic. Thaw can trigger sinking or erosion that kills vegetation & makes ground dangerous for travel. The loss of frozen ground means the loss of stability. Travel routes, hunting grounds, animal migration - all unreliable w/ thaw. 2/
Reason #3. If permafrost is the backbone, rivers are the arteries of the Arctic. As permafrost (frozen ground) thaws, rivers are changing in shape, temperature, nutrients, & types of fish. New obstacles threaten boating routes. Water is life. 3/
A wee history lesson on wetlands as wastelands. This philosophy dominated colonialism in the 🇺🇸 as wetlands were seen as a barrier to “building the country”. Early settlers lacked resources to drain wetlands, but this changed w/ the Swamp Land Act passed by Congress in 1849. 1/
States gained the right to sell wetlands, w/ profit intended to fund “dehydration” of the land. This Act decimated wetlands throughout #Louisiana & #Florida but also #Minnesota & #Oregon. It also set the stage for toll-use of canals, privatizing travel in the U.S. 2/
The govt used wetland drainage to attract settlers to push through the “last frontier.” Cultivating drained wetlands was seen as the best option to curb overcrowding in cities and to reduce land disputes. Because of the scale & what was at stake, the US military got involved. 3/
Have a job offer? Need to negotiate but not sure how? Negotiating wisely has long-term $ impacts, yet often is considered a taboo topic. No more! Here I'll share some advice as someone who has sat on both sides. Please share to help out early career colleagues in any field! 1/
Why is negotiating a taboo subject? Many orgs (including universities) have convinced us that we should feel honored & lucky to receive a job offer. I call bullshit. We all worked too hard for that. Rule 1: the minute you have a job offer, you are in the driver's seat. 2/
Also why negotiating is taboo - good negotiators are often described as cunning & shrewd, not "becoming" for women. I call bullshit for the second time. Rule 2: Negotiating is about communication, relationship building, & strategic thinking. These are areas where women excel. 3/
Permafrost thaw is about WAY more than carbon and climate. From impacting caribou to mobilizing mercury and legacy arsenic from gold mining, many thaw impacts are not conceptualized yet let alone understood. Below shows how pockmarks of thaw can consume entire forests. 1/
How can permafrost thaw consume whole forests or trigger landslides? The answer is simple yet so complex. Ground ice. Thaw of ice-rich permafrost causes drama. Peek inside permafrost to view gorgeous ice wedges in Alaska's #permafrosttunnel. Stunning. 2/
Ground ice content in the permafrost drives what happens after thaw. Check out this awesome visualization. On the left is what happens when ice-rich permafrost warms up. The literal backbone of the Arctic disappears. 3/
In case you thought Sphagnum was only found in boreal peatlands. This is one of my most favorite discoveries, carved into a Sphagnum hill on Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. I've imagined all sorts of stories....someone loves this place.
My 5 favorite Sphagnum facts: 1) Sphagnum is a genus with >350 species thriving all over the world. 2) Sphagnum is THE most important genus for carbon in the biosphere. Its biomass stores more carbon (once in the atmosphere) than any other genus of life. 2/
Vascular plants have roots to acquire water & nutrients, how can Sphagnum compete? They are master manipulators! Fact 3: As they mature, Sphagnum cells release protons, which lowers adjacent pH & benefits the Sphagnum. Sneaky acid ninjas. 3/