For tech startups, equity funding makes sense because R&D is highly intangible & tends to be specific to the firm in which it is being used, it has limited liquidation value. The use of debt tends to decrease with asset intangibility. Tom Nicholas, Harvard
Angel investors provide hands-on equity finance. They provide entrepreneurs with funding, mentorship, & access to their business contacts. They often have industry expertise & can help young companies raise additional funding.
Jason Calacanis summarized the four inputs of angels as “money, time, network, expertise.”
There are 334,680 active angel investors in the US, according to the Center for Venture Research. A typical angel puts about 10 percent of his or her wealth into angel investment.
A difference between angel & VC investment is the geographic dispersion. Angels are in every town & city and usually invest in startups close to home so that they can advise & monitor entrepreneurs. VC are more concentrated in innovation hubs, such as Silicon Valley"
Angel & VC investment are “patient capital,” Angels often do not see a return on their successful investments for 5 to 10 years, angel investments are long term, risky, & highly illiquid. It is only people with substantial wealth, time, & expertise who can fill this unique role.
U.S. angel investment was $25 billion in 2020.27 Angels invested in 64,480 companies, with an average investment of $392,025.Some famous angel‐funded startups include Apple Computer, Amazon, Facebook, Google, Uber, Home Depot, Costco, & Starbucks.
Nigeria technically has no exports apart from oil. This data map is 2019, and Cocoa is a "rounding error".
Keep in mind, Exports are NOT the only way to get forex, but so far, on exports, the nation has failed.
Data Source: Harvard KSG
It gets worse.
"Nigeria's largest goods exports are in low and moderate complexity products"
translation? anyone can export crude oil, the wealth is in adding value to the crude oil or cocoa exports
"Diversifying the economy" is all talk
The Nigeria economy is diversified, Oil is less than 15% of GDP. Problem is Nigeria has only one export source of Forex. Remove remittances, the Nigeria Naira will collapse.
The data shows Nigeria has put all its eggs in the oil basket
When Nigeria sells Crude oil, it's paid to a JP Morgan/NNPC/CBN account in USD $
CBN then buys the $ from the Federation and gives the Federation account Naira. CBN then owns the Fx reserves, NOT the Federation
CBN's mandate is to maintain foreign reserves to promote monetary and price stability.
How? via Monetary means, it setting interest rates and exchange rates.
CBN really is very concerned with inflation, it wants it to stay low, it keeps it low by making cash "expensive"
If CBN believes inflation is going up? it raises rates (MPR) this makes cash expensive to get i.e bank interest.
if CBN want to boost the economy, it drops rates (MPR) this makes cash "cheap" to get so SMEs can grow
Many hold economic views because of urban legends that are not factual.
I asked who sets exchange rates....CBN or NAFEX?..many voted CBN.
Many think SAP caused the problem, they don't realize SAP was the adjustment to fix the imported consumption that caused the problem
Some believe that a strong economy means a strong currency, yet China, Japan, Germany all exporters, all seek weak currencies, and Nigeria also exports her main produce in $.
Many prefer $1 to N1 to $1 to N500 because they can import cheaper, but net imports make you poorer.
Many believe the Foreign Reserves are savings, they they are owned and can be spent by the President.
They can't connect FPI to the reserves. They can't connect a strong Naira to the reserves.
Many don't understand the Naira a a 'derivative" of crude oil
The Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) is a Medium-Term Plan for 2017 – 2020, for the purpose of restoring economic growth while leveraging the ingenuity and resilience of the Nigerian people – the nation’s most priceless assets.
let us review it together.
"The ERGP has set a GDP growth target of 4.62 percent average annual growth between 2017 and 2020."
Economic growth has not approached 4% since 2017.
"The implementation of the Plan is projected to reduce unemployment from 13.9% as of Q3 2016 to 11.23% by 2020. This translates to the creation of over 15 million jobs during the Plan horizon or an average of 3.7 million jobs per annum. "