Comparison of immune response of vaccination with natural infection
1. Memory cells remains stable in number over the first 5 to 6 months in both groups
2. Memory cells continue to evolve with increased somatic mutation & emergence of unique clones
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nature.com/articles/s4158…
1. Memory cells remains stable in number over the first 5 to 6 months in both groups
2. Memory cells continue to evolve with increased somatic mutation & emergence of unique clones
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nature.com/articles/s4158…
3. After natural infection, neutralising breath of memory antibodies increases with time, not much increase noted in the vaccine group.
4. We do not know yet if a third dose (or breakthrough infection) after 2-dose vaccination will generate more memory B cells
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4. We do not know yet if a third dose (or breakthrough infection) after 2-dose vaccination will generate more memory B cells
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5. In both groups (natural infection & vaccine), affinity maturation increased 3-7.5 fold at 5-6 months.
6. In the vaccine group, affinity increased 4.5 fold, while in natural infection it increased 11.2 fold at 5-6 months
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6. In the vaccine group, affinity increased 4.5 fold, while in natural infection it increased 11.2 fold at 5-6 months
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7. Memory antibodies from natural infection increased in neutralising activity at one year, this was not noticed in vaccination group.
8. IgG memory B cells increased in number after second dose, this continued to evolve up to 5 months (limit of observation)
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8. IgG memory B cells increased in number after second dose, this continued to evolve up to 5 months (limit of observation)
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9. The total amount of IgG and IgA decreased 4.3 fold in over a five month period after vaccination.
10. After the first dose, greater antibody production noted in younger people, but this difference was erased after the second dose.
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10. After the first dose, greater antibody production noted in younger people, but this difference was erased after the second dose.
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11. Neutralising antibodies correlated with IgG anti RBD binding antibody titres at five months.
12. Ratio of binding to neutralising antibody was higher at 1.3 months of vaccination compared to natural infection, but this difference was erased over time.
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12. Ratio of binding to neutralising antibody was higher at 1.3 months of vaccination compared to natural infection, but this difference was erased over time.
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13. Against variants, there was a 5.7, 1.8, 1.4, 2.7 x fold lower neutralising activity against beta, alpha, Gama and Delta variants respectively, compare to original virus.
14. The ~5 month study observed 32 immune naive individuals who got Moderna(8) or Pfizer vaccine(24).
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14. The ~5 month study observed 32 immune naive individuals who got Moderna(8) or Pfizer vaccine(24).
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In summary, this paper compared to the post-vaccination immune response with natural infection.
Memory cells remain stable in both instances. The main difference was a greater breadth of neutralisation for natural infection.
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Memory cells remain stable in both instances. The main difference was a greater breadth of neutralisation for natural infection.
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How this difference plays out in real life will also be important, because immunology descriptions do not always translate literally into clinical outcomes. This is due to the unquantifiable complexity of our immune response, & the relationships interlinking each component.
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