After the Jalalabad incident, BB in her 1st tenure replaced Gen Hamid Gul - thn DG-ISI. She went on to appoint a retired Gen as DG-ISI even though Gen Beg advised against such appointment & forwarded a list of three serving Generals for DG-ISI appointment, BB sent her regrets.
In 1991, Nawaz Sharif appointed Gen Javed Nasir (from engineer Corps) DG-ISI without taking then COAS -- Gen Janjua in confidence.
Two months before Gen Javed Nasir appointment as DG-ISI, Gen Nasir was transferred to head POF, so his appointment to the top slot of ISI..
..took Gen Janjua by surprise, as had happened in the Kallue case.
The appointment of Gen Javed Nasir has more to do with Brigadier Imtiaz as Gen Javed was related to Brig Imtiaz and he was close to NS as head of IB.
During NS tenure, both Imtiaz and Javed were appointed..
..as intelligence and security advisors.
NS during his 2nd tenure appointed Gen Ziauddin (from engineers corps) as DG-ISI against the advice of Gen Musharaf as Musharaf wanted Gen Ziauddin to be his CGS.
Is PM IK making the same mistake as his predecessors? Time will tell.
During Zia regime, PM Junejo appointed Gen Hamid Gul as DG-ISI from a panel of four sent to the PM by GHQ.
Gen Zia had no objection to Junejo's selecting Gul as DG-ISI.
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There are many who played a critical part in the Pakistan nuclear program, Dr A.Q. Khan's role was one of them.
As soon as Bhutto came to power, Bhutto held discussions with Libya and other states such as Saudi Arabia to line up financing for a nuclear weapons program.
Bhutto’s initiative served as a magnet for Pakistani scientists abroad, many of whom returned to their homeland to contribute whatever they could to the national nuclear development program.
By the mid-70s, the PAEC team had acquired a substantial amount of knowledge..
and technology for enrichment of uranium and even set up experimental centrifuge cascades based on an Italian design at a site in Chaklala. But the real impetus for the pursuit of the enrichment route to nuclear weapons came with the arrival of Dr. A.Q. Khan.
Since talks with TTP are being debated, hence in this thread I will focus on TTP based on these factors.
For any insurgency to sustain and be successful, it depends on the following factors: 1. Ideology 2. Local support/manpower 3. Financial and military support (Foreign)
Many mistakenly think that TTP demand of imposition of Shariah got them support across Pak hence they managed to wreak havoc.
Note: This point is not for or against the imposition of Shariah but to clarify TTP's phenomenal rise to a brutal insurgency..
..wasn't directly linked to Shariah's demand. There were, still are many groups (violent and non-violent) in Pak that demand the imposition of Shariah but no one got even close to TTP.
TTP derives its ideology & rallying cry from anti-US sentiments..
In the Battle of Yamama, after each duel Khalid ibn-al-Waleed would recite his own extemporized verses:
"I am the son of many chiefs.
My sword is sharp and terrible.
It is the mightiest of things
When the pot of war boils fiercely."
[Thumamah bin Uthal, a Companion from the tribe of Musaylimah told Musaylimah:
"Musaylimah! Recant - do not contend,
For in prophethood you have not been given a share.
You lied about Allah regarding His revelation
And your desires are the whims of a stupid fool..
..Your people have indulged you instead of preventing you,
But if Khalid comes to them you will be abandoned.
Then you will have no stairway to the heavens
And no path to travel in the earth."
Some background on Ismail Khan:
Ismail Khan was an Army officer in the Afghan Army, stationed in Herat garrison, in early 1979 when Afghan President Taraki pushed for reforms and went after opposition, Afghans in rural areas revolted.
On 17th Mach 1979, the entire 17th division station in Herat mutinied, led by Capt Ismail Khan.
As the population killed Soviets officers, advisers, and their families, Ismail Khan staged a coup in the city garrison, killing Soviet and communist Afghan officers..
..and distributing arms to the people. Kabul regime and Moscow, fearing more uprisings in other Afghan cities, sent reinforcements and began to bomb one of the oldest cities in the world indiscriminately. They inflicted more damage on the city than even the Mongols has done.
Pashtuns in Pak outnumber Pashtuns in Afghanistan by at least 2.5 to 1. As per the 2017 census, there r more than 37 million Pakistanis whose mother tongue is Pashtu. Whereas Afghanistan has not more than 15 million Pashtun population.
The actual Pashtun population in Pakistan..
..is much higher due to centuries of Pashtun migrations to different parts of present-day Pakistan, where they settled & gradually stop using Pashto as their language, like the Sadozais of Multan or Kashmir, Kakazais of Lahore & Niazis of Mianwali.
Pakistani Pashtuns are..
living in all four provinces & AJK, completely amalgamated in the social fabric while participating and representing in all walks of life.
Karachi is home to the largest metropolitan Pashtun population in the world -- then in Kabul, Kandhar & Jalalabad combined.