Max Koh Profile picture
22 Oct, 36 tweets, 7 min read
I turned 31 last month.

10 years ago when I was 21, I had less than $1,000 in my bank.

If you told me I would be financially free before 30, I wouldn't believe you.

But it's not all about $$.

Here's 18 lessons I've learnt about habits, happiness, life and death:
1. Wake up early

I learnt this 4 years ago after listening to Jocko Willink.

I’m not a morning person. Until now I'm still not.

But I force myself to rise early most days.

Knowing you’ve accomplished more than others by the morning is a good feeling.

It sets you up right.
2. Lift weights

Everyone in a competitive field should engage in some form of intense physical activity.

For me I lift weights 5-6x a week. But it could be any sport.

It teaches you valuable lessons like:

- showing up consistently
- putting in the reps
- pushing past boredom
3. Have dreams

I recall watching Tony Robbins when I was 16 years old, and that left an impression on me.

Seeing him speak and inspire others from stage, that’s what I wanted to do.

It gave my life a new purpose beyond video games...
I told all my friends about it.

Anyone who would listen, I publicly declared it.

Probably annoyed many of them.

Looking back, I'm blessed to have found what I wanted to do at an early age.

It gave me clarity in choosing my career, and where I chose to invest my time.
4. Craftsman mindset

Friend of mine recommend me to watch “Jiro Dreams of Sushi” 8 years ago.

I’ve watched it many more times since.

That movie changed my worldview.

It taught me how to think like a craftsman in everything I wanted to do.
Seeing how the apprentice in Jiro’s restuarant had to practice for 10 years before he was allowed to cook the tamago egg...

That was touching.

Today, in almost anything I want to master, I see myself as a craftsman.

It’s helped me find joy in the process.
5. Sickness, old age, death is a very real thing.

We all feel invincible in our bodies now. At least I do.

Seeing my grandma in her last days made me realize nobody has a lease on life.

Seeing the other old folks at the hospital when I was visiting her felt scary.
But it’s inevitable the day will come.

Maybe even earlier. I don't know?

Acknowledge our mortality and how powerless we really are.

That said, I really miss my grandma.

Holding her wrinkled hands and seeing her laugh.

Wouldn't be where I am today if not for her love.
6. Acknowledge the role of luck.

Many of my accomplishments are not solely based on my effort.

They’re simply a result of being in the right place at the right time.

I like to keep that in mind whenever I feel too good about myself or people shower me with too much praise.
7. Impermanance and the fleeting nature of life

A wise buddhist master once told me:

“The person who hates you today could become your best friend tomorrow.

The person who sings your praises today could also stab you in the back tomorrow”.
Never ever let sweet words get to your head and sedate you.

Nor hold hatred for too long in your heart.

The day restarts tomorrow, and people forget really quickly.

Live in the present.
8. Know what truly makes you happy

Some years ago when I amassed my first 6 figures in net worth, I started buying high end watches.

It felt good looking at the bling, and spending on myself.

But everywhere I went, I felt scared of crowded places.
I kept my hands in my pocket all the time, afraid of people hitting the watch.

I asked myself:

“do I own the watch? or does the watch own me?”

I sold off all the watches just 2 months later. I felt light again.

The happiest part was the day I bought it, and the day I sold it.
9. Know whether you’re a generalist or specialist

I’m a specialist.

So I played the game to my advantage.

I know many smart polymaths in my life who could excel wherever you put them in.

Their game will be different.
Knowing I was only good at a small circle of skills, I would adopt a craftsman mentality to get good at them.

But I also combined these skills. That's the secret.

The key to creating value is not to be the best at what you do.

It’s to be the only person who can do what you do
10. Know the difference between income and wealth

Income is what you trade your time for. We all have to do that in the beginning.

But it’s wealth that truly buys your freedom.

Wealth is the thing that makes you money when you sleep.

When you are not working.
There are many folks with high incomes that I know, but with little wealth.

They’re always busy.

There are also friends I know with zero incomes, but huge wealth.

They're much more relaxed and happy it seems.
11. You must be an OWNER

Whether it’s property, business, or stocks of companies you understand well…

You must own equity.

You must be an owner of something valuable.

Otherwise you will always be working.

You will never be able to dislodge time from money.
Even the highly paid brain surgeon is prisoner to this.

Because when he’s sleeping or on holiday, he doesn’t earn.

When he’s retired, he doesnt make anything.

Once he stops working, he stops earning.
Learn to focus more on your personal balance sheet, instead of your income statement.

When I first learnt this, I stopped chasing income growth.

Instead, I started asking myself every quarter:

“Am I owning more assets?”.

That became my top focus.
12. Wealth is what you do NOT see

It’s not the cars or watches or yachts or expensive holidays.

True wealth is the ability to walk away from a high paying job without fear.
It’s the ability to feel secure even if you are hit with expensive medical bills.

It’s the ability to say no to things that compromise your values.

True wealth is invisible.

Which is also why so many people never attain it because they’re focused only on what they can see.
13. Teach

The person who learns the most in the classroom is the teacher.

Being a speaker and trainer has taught me more about a subject than I ever expected.

Knowing you need to explain something publicly, it pushes you to understand a topic well.
And taking a complex concept and breaking it down to easy terms requires you to deeply understand the fundamentals.

So if you want to learn something fast, teach it to someone else.

It will surface the gaps in your understanding without mercy.
14. You can always tells someone to “go to hell” tomorrow

I’ve said my generous share of hurtful things I can never take back.

While I’ve apologized and felt regret, the trust broken with someone else can never be restored.

Strong emotions, whether good or bad, can be harmful.
The key is to remain composed, and delay what you want to say.

And after 24 hours if I still feel it, then I say it.

This is still something I am terrible at.

Working on it.
15. Read, a lot

This is actually my big weakness.

I’m always plugged in. Either reading, listening, or watching something.

But over the years, I’ve noticed it’s been more beneficial than harmful for me.
Reading has opened up so many new ways of thinking for me.

Almost any problem you face in your life now, someone else out there has been through.

You just need to find that and expose yourself to their thinking patterns.
16. Learn to speak in public

You become more confident when you can speak well.

But when you can speak in public and engage a crowd, you develop thick skin.

This is useful in any area of life.
You become used to rejection and negative feedback

You learn to be vulnerable, and care less about others’ opinions.

This can be a liberating feeling.

You gain a quiet type of confidence.

This was me doing my first public seminar at 23 years old.
17. Learn to write to sell

Specifically, this skill is called copywriting.

I was fortunate to learn this when I was in my early 20s, and spent time to develop this craft.

When your written words can convince and persuade, you will always find a way to create income.
This also taught me how to get my ideas out on paper first before I edit.

I learnt that the best writers write once and edit 9 times.

The magic of writing comes out in the editing, not the writing.
18. Lastly, cover your downside

I maxed out all the insurance policies for myself and my loved ones, before I started investing my money heavily in the market.

This is crucial.

You can't make bold bets when you’re fearful and worried.
And life is all a series of bets.

Whether small or big, you are always making bets to better your position in life.

If you’re tied down worrying about bills and accidents, you lack the mental energy to think clearly.

Plus, a pessimistic mind cannot see possibilities.
If you found this helpful, then follow me at @heymaxkoh

I share about how I attained financial freedom before age 30...

By investing in great businesses.

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More from @heymaxkoh

23 Oct
7 lessons from 12 full-time investors:

On their research process, mental habits, and time management.

What they have in common:

- full time, private investors
- manage their own $$
- independently wealthy
- started with small capital base

A THREAD:
1. They make their own notes

They write things down, even if they never read them again.

Because the magic of making their own notes lies in the process of doing it.

Not in the actual notes themselves.

Making notes helps them discover what they really think about a company.
From Vernon, one of the private investors in this study:

“The notes help me to maintain mental consistency over time.

They are a stabilising influence when some news comes out which might tempt me to trade impulsively.”
Read 18 tweets
23 Oct
My favourite quote from Sam Walton, Made in America:
"Sometimes I'm asked why today, when Wal-Mart has been so successful, when we're a $50 billion-plus company, should we stay so cheap?

That's simple:

Because we believe in the value of the dollar.
Every time Wal-Mart spends one dollar foolishly, it comes right out of our customers' pockets.

Every time we save them a dollar, that puts us one more step ahead of the competition—which is where we always plan to be."
Read 4 tweets
21 Oct
Discover how 2 billion dollar fund managers make investing decisions.

Meet David Poppe (right) and John Harris (not in photo).

Their firm, Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb, manages the flagship Sequoia Fund.

They shared 5 of their key investing principles.

Here's the breakdown:
1. It's all about people

They believe there's a difference between good and excellent managers.

Their goal is to find the latter.

Because great management teams make better capital allocation decisions.

So in the long run, it makes the investment more predictable.
1b. How do they assess their managers?

They like to ask this question they learnt from Buffett:

"If you had to leave $1 million with somebody for 5 years, would you trust them to be a fiduciary of your investment?"

If the answer is yes, it helps them sleep better at night.
Read 10 tweets
21 Oct
How to read an Annual Report in 1 hour.

A step by step guide for busy people:
Context:

This is NOT the best way to read an annual report.

It's just how I do it with limited time, while holding my 9-5 job.

I will use "10K / Annual report" interchangeably.

I'll also share some other great guides to reading a 10K at the bottom of this thread:
1. Be clear on your intention

First, why are you reading the 10K?.

"Understanding the business" is a terrible answer. It's too broad.

You will end up reading passively.

Because you don't know what to look for.
Read 19 tweets
20 Oct
Amazon, Costco, Southwest.

These 3 great companies have 1 thing in common:

A low price strategy.

Here's 5 frameworks to help you invest in "low pricing business models":

Distilled from one of the world's top pricing strategists
1. Low price from Day 1

For this to work, low pricing must be built into their business model.

These companies value things like:

- Frugality
- Process efficiency
- Strong procurement from suppliers

It's part of their DNA since the start.
1b. Low pricing also starts from the leadership and culture.

From the type of car the CEO drives...

To the furniture in the office

(think of Jeff Bezos making tables out of wooden doors in the early days of AMZN)...

It sends a message to the employees:

We keep costs low!
Read 12 tweets
20 Oct
More than a year back, I came across this lesson from Buffett in one of his annual meetings.

It forever changed the way I sized my positions.

My portfolio returns improved thereafter:
“When we look at the future of businesses we look at riskiness as being sort of a go/ no-go valve.

If we think that we simply don't know what's going to
happen in the future, that doesn't mean it's risky for everyone.

It means it's risky for us.
In that case, we just give up.

We don't try to predict those things.

We don't say, "Well, we don't know what's going to happen. Therefore, we'll discount some cash flows that we don't even know at 9% instead of 7%.
Read 5 tweets

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