Interesting discussion in @ISSUESinST about future emissions scenarios. Its encouraging that there is a growing recognition on all side of the debate about the progress we have made in making very high emissions scenarios much less plausible. issues.org/climate-scenar…
I do want to take a bit of an issue with this statement by @chrfield and @Marcia4Science that it "remains 100% accurate" to call RCP8.5 a BAU scenario "even if RCP8.5 does not appear to be the most likely high-emissions pathway."
Both @DetlefvanVuuren and Keywan Riahi who developed the scenario emphasized to me that it was never intended to be "business as usual", but rather a reflection of the upper bound of potential baseline outcomes when RCPs were developed in the late 2000s. carbonbrief.org/explainer-the-…
Part of the problem was a breakdown of sorts in communication between the energy modeling and climate modeling community. For example, RCP6.0 was described as is about as likely a baseline outcome as RCP8.5, yet no one ever (to my knowledge) called RCP6.0 "business as usual".
And, of course, pretty much everyone now agrees (IEA, UNEP, CAT, IAMs, etc.) that the world is not on track for a RCP8.5 emissions outcome today, even if we can endlessly debate how plausible a 21st century dominated by coal was back in the late 2000s. nature.com/articles/d4158…
Correction, a more likely no-policy baseline outcome:
Passing Build Back Better bill without CEPP risks premature retirement of 20% of current US nuclear reactors, jeopardizing emissions reductions goals. To avoid this the US should extend PTC for existing nuclear from 5 years to 10 years to fill in the gap: thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/…
CEPP is likely gone from the budget reconciliation bill. It was a major incentive to keep existing reactors open, and as @JesseJenkins and the REPEAT team find its absence will result in an additional 20 GW (20% of existing nuclear) retiring by 2030. repeatproject.org/docs/REPEAT_Pr…
This means that the additional clean energy is replacing nuclear rather than fossil fuels, resulting in additional CO2 emissions of up to 75 million metric tons per year in 2030 compared to a scenario where these reactors remained open.
The US beef industry is trying to deflect their responsibility for methane emissions by claiming that emissions US cows are no longer increasing atmospheric methane concentrations. This is technically true, and completely besides the point.
The climate impacts of methane is usually compared with CO2 through the use of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs). There are usefully simple multipliers for a single year's emissions, but provide a misleading impression when applied to emissions over time. 2/
CO2 and methane (CH4) have very different lifetimes. When a ton of CO2 is emitted to the atmosphere, a portion is absorbed quickly, but around 40% remains after a century (and 20% after thousands of years). CH4 is removed much faster, with most gone after 20 years. 3/
2021 saw the warmest summer for the Earth's land regions, and is on track to be between the 5th and 7th warmest year since records began in the mid-1800s. For an update on temps, models, GHGs, and sea ice see our @CarbonBrief Q3 State of the Climate: carbonbrief.org/state-of-the-c…
Summer land temperatures were relatively flat until 1975, with only around 0.2C warming up to that point. Today, summer land temperatures are around 1.5C above pre-industrial levels, with around 1.3C of that warming happening in just the past 45 years.
NW North America, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa, and Siberia all had an exceptionally warm summer. China, sub-Saharan Africa, South America and Australia were modestly above average, while parts of Central America and India were below average.
There is a weird narrative in some quarters that wind and solar are pure good, while electric vehicles are a necessary (or even unnecessary) evil. This is wrong for many reasons. Yes, we should invest more in public transit and cycle more. We should also be more energy efficient.
But all replacements to fossil fuels will have impacts. Covering 14% of all the US land area with wind and solar farms is potentially doable – but it still has a big impact. EVs are heavier and thus potentially more deadly than ICEs, and batteries are GHG intensive to make.
This does not mean they are not worth doing. We can build much more renewables (and clean firm generation), invest in public transit, replace ICEs and EVs, etc. But if we pretend it will be small and beautiful rather than big and messy we are setting ourselves up for failure.
One of the biggest long-term impacts of climate change is sea level rise. Even in more moderate emissions scenarios we likely commit the world to many meters of future sea level rise over the next millennium – barring massive anthropogenic carbon removal in future centuries.
The folks at @ClimateCentral have an evocative new visualization of what sea level rise over the next ~1000 years would look like if it happened to cities today. They focus on a 3C warming case – consistent with best estimates of current policy outcomes: picturing.climatecentral.org
Of course, 1000 years is a long time. Who knows what our cities (or species) will look like that far in the future, what actions we might be able to take to slow down or reverse ice sheet loss, or what infrastructure we may build to hold back the rising seas.