1/ Something I think about a lot: when it comes to tech history, it's just as important to not "overlearn" the lessons of the past as it is to learn them at all
A good example: this 2009 Bernstein report on Twitter & Facebook, "The Ruinous History of Pre-Business Internet Deals"
2/ In retrospect, investors "overlearned" the lessons of history from the tech bubble. By the late 2000s, the collapse of AOL, Yahoo, and other Web 1.0 properties had "proven" it was impossible to make money advertising on general-use social platforms
3/ The implications were clear. Youtube would never make enough money to offset video bandwidth & storage costs. Twitter would "operate at a loss in perpetuity, or until the next cool web 2.0 social networking concept comes along and Twitter tweets no more"
4/ The reason? "People just don't want to click on ads when they are engaging in social networking activities." Facebook users would consider any ad targeting to be an "unacceptable violation of user privacy"
5/ The problem, of course, is that historical case studies assume constant consumer behavior over time
In reality, consumer demand adapts to tech just as readily as tech adapts to consumer demand: Facebook's ads adapted to their users... and Facebook's users got used to the ads
6/ I've joked before that it's easy to predict the future of technology - just look at what's already failed, and assume that somebody will eventually make a version that actually works. The same is true with tech business models!
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
1/ There's a well known anecdote from The Everything Store about Jeff Bezos visiting Harvard Business School in 1997. The students told Bezos "you really need to sell to Barnes and Noble and get out now"
Less well known: you can read the actual 1997 HBS case study from the class
2/ It's easy to laugh at predictions in retrospect - but with the information available at the time, would you have known better?
3/ In 1997, Amazon was 3 years old and generated $148M in sales, entirely in the book industry. Barnes and Noble was 26 years old and was 15x bigger, at $2.5B in sales
1/ I always joke that predicting the future of tech is way easier than most people think... the hard part is making any money off those predictions
This 2001 paper ("Big in Japan: iMode and the Mobile Internet") is one of the best examples I've ever seen- core.ac.uk/download/pdf/3…
2/ Looking back, the modern smartphone era didn't begin until the launch of the iPhone in 2007
But this paper makes it clear: even in 2001, it was obvious to pretty much everyone that the future of the internet was going to be mobile
3/ Moreover, all eyes pointed to Japan as a template for the rest of the world: in 1999, the Japanese telco NTT DoCoMo had launched "iMode," the world's first mass-adopted mobile internet service. By 2001 it had over 20 million users (15% of the Japanese population)
1/ In 1968, former ARPA director J. C. R. Licklider published "The Computer As A Communication Device"
Given it was written right before the launch of the ARPANET, this is basically the founding document of the internet
And its predictions hold up remarkably well!
2/ For context: Mitchell Waldrop has called JCR Licklider "computing's Johnny Appleseed." As an ARPA director in the 60s, he basically funded half of the projects that became the internet
This paper was the brainchild of him & protege Bob Taylor, who later led Xerox PARC
3/ Licklider opens straight to the point:
"In a few years, men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face."
"The programmed digital computer can change communication more profoundly than did the printing press and the picture tube"
1/ A fun piece of tech history that I came across today: an online copy of Microsoft's 1986 IPO prospectus. At just 52 pages, a light piece of weekend reading!
2/ Most investors know 1980s-era Coke was an example of untapped pricing power - but *why* was this the case?
Turns out Coke was subject to a 100-year-old bottling agreement that had fixed its syrup pricing at $1 per gallon... in perpetuity! (+ later adjustments for inflation)
3/ The turning point was 1986: that's when Doug Ivester invented the "49% solution," a scheme to acquire Coke's old US bottlers and install discretionary pricing for the first time ever
Not coincidentally, Buffett starts buying stock a year later
2/ At its March 2006 launch, AWS was probably the 4th or 5th cloud service run by a Fortune 500 firm
HP launched its Flexible Computing Service in Nov 2005
Sun Grid went into beta in 2004
IBM launched "Linux Virtual Services" in 2002!
But AWS is the only one anybody remembers
3/ I'll focus on IBM here -
From the WSJ in *2002*: "Linux Virtual Services allows customers to run their own software on mainframes in IBM data centers and pay rates based largely on the amount of computing power they use"