Looking at iPSC manufacturing:
A look at how iPSC cells are made.
A look at how iPSC cells are made.
1/ The pluripotent stem cell is capable of developing into many types of cells. We use to believe that cells could only develop in one direction, but a scientist named Shinya Yamanaka discovery how to take a mitotic cell and revert it back into a stem cell.
2/ This process was celled induced Pluripotent Stem cells. The ability to turn any cell back into a stem cell just by treating it with a combination of various transcription factors.
3/ This science held huge promise but it was lacking one key element. The ability to edit these stem cells so they could be reprogrammed for new purpose.
4/ The iPSC cells can be edited using CRISPR gene editing to build the perfect cell. They can take hundreds or even thousands of these new stem cells and edit them with many genetic modifications.
5/ Since a stem cell is immortal and capable of endless replication, it only takes 1 cell to meet all the editing criteria. That one cell can be put into a bioreactor and grown into million or even billion of perfect copies.
6/ This batch of iPSC cells are then put into tubes of around 200 to make the master bank. Every stem cell in that master bank is exactly alike. They can freeze these cells and only thaw them when they want to run a manufacturing batch.
7/ When they want to run a batch, they take out one of the tubes and guide those cells down the path of development. As they go from stem cell down the path to T cell or NK cell, they will expand a million fold. A few million cells can become trillions of T cells or NK cells.
8/ All the edits are done to the stem cells so the development of the CAR-T or CAR-NK will be in the master bank. This lead to over 98% consistence in the product. This creates a renewable resource.
9/ By this manufacturing process, they can produce thousands of doses of CAR-T or CAR-NK cells for only $2,000 to $3,000 per dose.
10/ This process can be used to develop far more then immune cells. Through iPSC manufacturing, we can now look to grow islet cells for diabetics, heart, and brain cells.
11/ The combination of renewable stem cells and gene editing make the possibilities endless.
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