"Modernization theories, however, are bad at point predictions. Agency theories also deliver little predictive power about the specific moments of regime change...." 1/ THREAD
... since chance, fortuna, mistakes, or unexpected exogenous shocks (such as economic meltdown, war, or the death of a leader) always seem to play a major role in these models. 2/
Both structural and agency theoretical traditions shed only faint light on current regime stability or guidance about future change. 3/
But which is the more radical prediction—that Putinism will survive another two decades or that a new system, possibly a democratic one, will replace it? The former seems much more unlikely than the latter. 4/ END THREAD
Read this thread. Guess who said all these nice, cooperative things about NATO? Guess when they were said? 1/. THREAD.
"My colleagues were not short of words to describe this [NATO] summit today, and this is probably no bad thing. I too used the term ‘historic’ to describe it, referring to the long way we have come... 2/
, shedding some of the illusions we perhaps had back in the 1990s, and entering the period of productive construction that the start of this decade ushered in. 3/
"Russia remains a formidable military power and one of only two nuclear superpowers. Putin has invested heavily in nuclear modernization, while the United States has not." 1/ THREAD
"He [Putin] has also devoted vast resources to upgrading Russian conventional forces. The Kremlin’s armed forces do not have global reach, but they do pose a significant threat to Europe ... 2/
"... and even outmatch NATO by some measures, including the number of tanks, cruise missiles, and troops on the NATO-Russian border." 3/
After 9/11/2001, Bush and Putin developed a close personal bond based on a shared definition of a common threat -- terrorism. US-Russia ties were close. The US withdrawal from the ABM treaty and NATO expansion faded as contentious issues. 1/
Bush's decision to invade Iraq fueled new tensions. Putin (like Germany, France & Obama) thought that intervention was a huge mistake. At their first meeting in 2009, Putin reminded Obama of that mistake. 2/
The real break in US-Russia relations in the Bush-era were color revolutions in Georgia in 2003 and Ukraine in 2004, which Putin claimed were masterminded by Washington. 3/
In between Putin's spring military build-up on Ukraine's border and today's bigger build-up, what changed? 1/ THREAD
Did NATO become more aggressive in offering Ukraine membership? No. 2/
Did Biden become more vocal in supporting Ukraine's NATO membership? No. Just the opposite. Zelensky was disappointed in what he heard from Biden about NATO when they met last summer. 3/
"Biden should state publicly his desire to reinvigorate diplomacy to end the war in eastern Ukraine..." 1/ THREAD
including naming a senior envoy to represent the United States in these negotiations and insisting that the United States formally join Ukraine, Russia, Germany and France to reinvigorate the now moribund Normandy talks tasked with ending the war in eastern Ukraine. 2/
Such an announcement would dispel the absurd Russian claim that Washington and Kyiv are scheming to restore Ukrainian sovereignty over Donbas by military force ...3/
Now that Putin has published his ideas for a new European security agreement, let me propose some additional articles to the draft agreement. 1/
Article 1. Russia agrees to withdraw its forces from Moldova and restore full sovereignty to this European country. 2/
Article 2. Russia agrees to withdraw its forces from Georgia, renounce recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as independent countries, and restore the full sovereignty of Georgia. 3/