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Eliezer Jewett - Wikipedia

Eliezer (also spelled Elizier, Eleazor, Eleazer or Elizer) Jewett (August 31, 1731 in Norwich, Connecticut – December 7, 1817) was the namesake of Jewett City, Connecticut, now the borough of the town of Griswold, Connecticut. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer_J…

He founded a settlement there in 1771.

Jewett was the great grandson of Jeremiah Jewett, who emigrated from Bradford, England as a child with his parents in 1638 and settled in Rowley, Massachusetts.

Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence

in the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world"; this in turn gave rise to the

nicknames "Woolopolis" and "Wool City".

By the middle ages Bradford, had become a small town centred on Kirkgate, Westgate and Ivegate. In 1316 there is mention of a fulling mill, a soke mill where all the manor corn was milled and a market. During the Wars of the Roses the

inhabitants sided with House of Lancaster.

The House of Lancaster was a cadet branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. The first house was created when King Henry III of England created the Earldom of Lancaster—from which the house was named—for his second son Edmund

Crouchback in 1267. Edmund had already been created Earl of Leicester in 1265 and was granted the lands and privileges of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, after de Montfort's death and attainder at the end of the Second Barons' War.

The second house of Lancaster was

descended from John of Gaunt, who married the heiress of the first house, Blanche of Lancaster. Edward III married all his sons to wealthy English heiresses rather than following his predecessors' practice of finding continental political marriages for royal princes.

Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; February 2 [O.S. January 20], 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (/aɪn/), was a Russian-born American writer and philosopher.

She was the eldest of three daughters of Zinovy Zakharovich Rosenbaum, a

pharmacist, and Anna Borisovna (née Kaplan).

She was twelve at the time of the February Revolution of 1917, during which Rand favored Alexander Kerensky over Tsar Nicholas II. The subsequent October Revolution and the rule of the Bolsheviks under Vladimir Lenin disrupted the

life the family had enjoyed previously.

In late 1925, Rand was granted a visa to visit relatives in Chicago.

In Hollywood, a chance meeting with famed director Cecil B. DeMille.

Cecil Blount DeMille was born on August 12, 1881. DeMille was named after his grandmothers Cecelia

Wolff and Margarete Blount. He was the second of three children of Henry Churchill de Mille (September 4, 1853 – February 10, 1893) and his wife Matilda Beatrice deMille (née Samuel; January 30, 1853 – October 8, 1923), known as Beatrice.

Henry Churchill de Mille was born on a

farm at Washington, North Carolina. He was the son of businessman and politician William Edward de Mille (1824–1873) and Margaret Mutter Blount Hoyt de Mille (1835–1911).

By 1882 de Mille was employed at the Madison Square Theatre.

In 1876 de Mille married Matilda Beatrice

"Bebe" Samuel (1853–1923), a native of Liverpool.

Beatrice was a deal maker and she introduced her son to Jesse Lasky and his production grew to be Paramount Pictures.

In 1916, Lasky's company merged with Adolph Zukor's rival company Famous Players Film Company to create

Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, with Zukor as president and Lasky as vice-president in charge of production.

The former Famous Players-Lasky Movie Ranch at Lasky Mesa in the Simi Hills is now within the Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve.

The Simi Hills were home

of the Rocketdyne Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) for open-air testing of rocket engines from 1947 to 1990.

The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL), formerly known as Rocketdyne, is a complex of industrial research and development facilities located on a 2,668-acre portion

of Southern California in an unincorporated area of Ventura County in the Simi Hills between Simi Valley and Los Angeles. The site is located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Hollywood and approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Downtown Los Angeles.

SSFL was

used mainly for the development and testing of liquid-propellant rocket engines for the United States space program from 1949 to 2006, nuclear reactors from 1953 to 1980 and the operation of a U.S. government-sponsored liquid metals research center from 1966 to 1998.

The site

is divided into four production and two buffer areas, (Area I, II, III, and IV, and the northern and southern buffer zones). Areas I through III were used for rocket testing, missile testing, and munitions development. Area IV was used primarily for nuclear reactor

experimentation and development. Laser research for the Strategic Defense Initiative (popularly known as "Star Wars"), also was conducted in Area IV.

North American Aviation (NAA) began its development of liquid propellant rocket engines after the end of WWII. The Rocketdyne

division of NAA, which came into being under its own name in the mid-1950s, designed and tested several rocket engines at the facility. They included engines for the Army's Redstone (an advanced short-range version of the German V-2), and the Army Jupiter intermediate range

ballistic missile (IRBM) as well as the Air Force's counterpart IRBM, the Thor.

Rocketdyne designed and tested the J-2 liquid oxygen/hydrogen engine which was used on the second and third stages of the Saturn V launch rocket developed for the moon-bound Project Apollo mission.

The Atomics International Division of North American Aviation used SSFL Area IV as the site of United States first commercial nuclear power plant and the testing and development of the SNAP-10A, the first nuclear reactor launched into outer space by the United States.

The

remaining Atomics International business operations were merged into the Rocketdyne division of Rockwell International in 1984 when the Energy Systems Group was ended. Nuclear research programs and operations ceased in 1989 and all non-nuclear research ended in 1998. Rockwell

International sold the Rocketdyne division to The Boeing Company in 1996. In 2005, Boeing sold Rocketdyne to United Technologies Corporation who combined it with an existing division and renamed them Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. Boeing retained ownership of the Santa Susana Field

Laboratory property, including Area IV, with its environmental cleanup responsibilities.

In October 2007, Boeing announced that "In a landmark agreement between Boeing and California officials, nearly 2,400 acres (10 km2) of land that is currently Boeing's Santa Susana Field

Laboratory will become state parkland. According to the plan jointly announced by California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Boeing, and state Sen. Sheila Kuehl, the property will be donated and preserved as a vital undeveloped open-space link in the Simi Hills, above the Simi Valley

and the San Fernando Valley.

Kuehl was born Sheila Ann Kuehl in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Her father, Arthur, was an airplane construction worker at Douglas Aircraft. He was Catholic and her mother, Lillian, was Jewish. As a child actress, she performed under the stage name Sheila

James.

On November 4, 2014, Supervisor Kuehl was elected to the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. She assumed office on December 1, 2014, thus becoming the first openly LGBTQ person to ever serve on the Board.

The Douglas Aircraft Company was an American aerospace

manufacturer based in Southern California. It was founded in 1921 by Donald Wills Douglas Sr. and later merged with McDonnell Aircraft in 1967 to form McDonnell Douglas; it then operated as a division of McDonnell Douglas. McDonnell Douglas later merged with Boeing in 1997.

Douglas initially used a logo that combined two letter Ds with two wings extended outwards, and two Ds placed back to back to form a heart as a reference to the Clan Douglas.

The company retained its military market and expanded into amphibian airplanes in the late 1920s,

also moving its facilities to Clover Field at Santa Monica, California. The Santa Monica complex was so large, the mail girls used roller skates to deliver the intracompany mail.

The United States Army Air Forces established 'Project RAND' (Research ANd Development) with the

objective of looking into long-range planning of future weapons. In March 1946, Douglas Aircraft Company was granted the contract to research on intercontinental warfare. Project RAND later become the RAND Corporation.

The company was ready to enter the new missile business

during the 1950s. Douglas moved from producing air-to-air rockets and missiles to entire missile systems under the 1956 Nike missile program and became the main contractor for the Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile program and the Thor ballistic missile program. Douglas also

earned contracts from NASA, most notably for designing the S-IVB stage of the Saturn IB and Saturn V rockets.

RAND is home to the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School, one of eight original graduate programs in public policy and the first to offer a PhD.

Frederick S.

Pardee (born 1932) is an American economist, real estate investor and philanthropist from Los Angeles, California.

In 2000, his monetary gift to BU led to the establishment of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.

He has also donated to the

University of Denver in Denver, Colorado for the establishment of the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures at the Josef Korbel School of International Studies.

Additionally, he has donated to the African Leadership Academy in Johannesburg, South Africa, where the

Frederick S. Pardee Library for the Future of Africa was named in his honor in 2009.

RAND [not the South African currency] was created after individuals in the War Department, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and industry began to discuss the need for a private

organization to connect operational research with research and development decisions. The immediate impetus for the creation of RAND was a fateful conversation in September 1945 between General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold and Douglas executive Franklin R. Collbohm.

On 14 May 1948,

RAND was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under the laws of the State of California and on 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the Douglas Aircraft Company to the RAND Corporation. Initial capital for the spin-off was provided by the

Ford Foundation.

Its most visible contribution may be the doctrine of nuclear deterrence by mutually assured destruction (MAD), developed under the guidance of then-Defense Secretary Robert McNamara and based upon their work with game theory. Chief strategist Herman Kahn also

posited the idea of a "winnable" nuclear exchange in his 1960 book On Thermonuclear War. This led to Kahn being one of the models for the titular character of the film Dr. Strangelove, in which RAND is spoofed as the "BLAND Corporation".

In 1961, Herman Kahn, Max Singer and

Oscar Ruebhausen founded the Hudson Institute, a policy research organization initially located in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, where Kahn was living at the time.

Along with John von Neumann, Edward Teller and Wernher von Braun, Kahn was, reportedly, an inspiration for the

character "Dr. Strangelove" in the eponymous film by Stanley Kubrick released in 1964.

In The Politics of Ecstasy, Timothy Leary suggests that Kahn had taken LSD.

Hudson co-founder “Big O” Oscar Ruebhausen was an advisor to New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller.

Following

Herman “Dr Strangelove” Kahn's sudden death on July 7, 1983, Hudson was restructured. Actively recruited by the City of Indianapolis and the Lilly Endowment, Hudson relocated its headquarters to Indiana in 1984.

In 1987, Mitch Daniels, a former aide to Senator Richard Lugar

(R-IN) and President Ronald Reagan, was appointed CEO of Hudson Institute.

In 1990, Daniels left Hudson Institute to become Vice President of Corporate Affairs at Eli Lilly and Company.

Mitchell “Bitch” Elias Daniels Jr. (born April 7, 1949) is an American academic

administrator, businessman, author, and retired politician. A Republican, Daniels served as the 49th Governor of Indiana from 2005 to 2013. Since 2013, Daniels has been president of Purdue University.

Daniels also co-chairs a Council on Foreign Relations Task Force on

NonCommunicable diseases.

Evonik Industries today celebrated the purchase of the Tippecanoe Laboratories site from its former owner, Eli Lilly and Company in 2010.

“We work extremely hard to recruit new business so anytime we can welcome a preeminent, global company to our

state it is a great day,” said Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels

In 2006, RAG acquired Degussa AG, which was later renamed Evonik-Degussa GmbH.

Since 5 March 2015, the shareholding structure of the Evonik Industries AG is composed as follows:
•67,9%: RAG Foundation

•14,0%: Gabriel Acquisitions GmbH (a company owned by funds advised by CVC Capital Partners)
•18,1%: Free float

Global banking giant, Citicorp, had established an investment arm in 1968 to focus on venture capital investments Citicorp Venture Capital (CVC).

The Chemicals

Business Area of Evonik emerged from Evonik Degussa GmbH (formerly Degussa GmbH — an acronym of Deutsche Gold- und Silber-Scheide-Anstalt (German Gold and Silver Separating Works)) based in Essen, Germany.

Degussa’s roots date back to the mid-19th century, when Frankfurt was an

independent entity with its own currency and mint. Following Prussian occupation in 1866, the city lost its minting rights and in 1871, after the Franco-Prussian war, Germany decided to replace its silver-backed currency with a gold-backed one. They needed a refinery to effect

this change, so they chose the old Frankfurt mint. In 1873, it was renamed the Deutsche Gold und Silber Scheideanstalt and that was shortened to Degussa in the 1920s.

The Degussa name then lay dormant until 2010, when it was acquired by the von Finck family.

Von Finck was born

in 1930 in Munich, the son of August von Finck Sr., and the grandson of Wilhelm von Finck, who started a private bank in 1870 that became Merck Finck & Co.

Merck Finck was founded under the company Merck, Christian & Co. on 1 July 1870 by Adolf Karl Ludwig Christian and banker

Heinrich Johann Merck. Other limited partners were the Darmstater Bank forerunner of the Danatbank and the entrepreneur Theodor von Cramer-Klett.

In 1890, Merck Finck subscribed for almost 40% of the share capital of Allianz Versicherungs-AG.

After the annexation of Austria

to the German Reich in 1938, Merck, Finck & Co. took the opportunity to acquire Wiener Privatbankhaus S. M. v. Rothschild. This highly renowned Austrian private bank, owned by Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild, had controlled the Österreichische Kreditanstalt until 1931. From July

1938 it was provisionally administered by Merck, Finck & Co., in 1940 it was "made aryan" by the newly founded bank E. v. Nicolai in Vienna; here Merck, Finck & Co. was involved with 71% and the German industrial bank (Düsseldorf) with 19%. After the Second World War the

remaining values were given back to Louis Nathaniel von Rothschild, but he renounced the rebuilding of the bank S. M. v. Rothschild.

Louis Nathaniel, Baron de Rothschild (German: Ludwig Nathaniel, Freiherr von Rothschild) was an Austrian baron from the famous Rothschild family.

He was born in Vienna on 5 March 1882 and died of heart failure while swimming in Montego Bay, Jamaica on 15 January 1955.

He was the son of Baron Albert Salomon Anselm von Rothschild and Bettina Caroline de Rothschild (1858–1892). He owned a spectacular palace in Vienna, the

Palais Rothschild, that housed an exquisite art collection and antiques.

After the death of his father, Albert Rothschild, in 1911, he took over the management of the Creditanstalt bank and industrial companies owned by the Austrian branch of the Rothschilds.

After the Anschluß

of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938, he was arrested at the airport at Aspern and held for ransom by the Nazis. He was released only after lengthy negotiations between the family and the Nazis and upon payment of $21,000,000, believed to have been the largest bail bond in

history for any individual.

Creditanstalt (sometimes Credit-Anstalt, abbreviated as CA) was an Austrian bank based in Vienna.

In 1820, Salomon Mayer von Rothschild established the first bank in Vienna, then the capital of the Austrian Empire. In the course of early

industrialisation, the Rothschild bank financed large development projects, such as the building of the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway to the Moravian mining regions. Rothschild also acted as a generous lender to Austrian state chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich and

granted copious credits to the Bohemian and Hungarian aristocracy.

The business situation dramatically changed with Austria's defeat in the First World War and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and empire. In the late 1920s, a principal debtor, the Steyr-Werke AG,

faced financial difficulties, with bad loans leading to a drain on finances. In October 1929, the Schober government compelled the allegedly well-financed Credit-Anstalt to assume liabilities, which together with the simultaneous Wall Street Crash led to the financial imbalance

of the then-largest Austrian credit provider.

Creditanstalt had to declare bankruptcy on 11 May 1931. This was one of the first major bank failures that initiated the Great Depression.

The failure of the Creditanstalt sent shockwaves throughout Europe, quickly spreading the

Great Depression. However, Chancellor Otto Ender rescued the Creditanstalt by distributing the enormous share of costs between the Republic, Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank and the Rothschild family. Nationalization plans advanced by the Social Democrats

were rejected. However, the institute was de facto state-owned after Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß in 1934 ordered the merger of the institute with the Wiener Bankverein, thus changing its name to Creditanstalt-Bankverein. The firm's bankruptcy and its impact in producing a major

global banking crisis provided a major propaganda opportunity for Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party: it allowed them to further blame Jews for German and international economic and social troubles.

Creditanstalt-Bankverein was later taken over by Deutsche Bank, patronized by

Hermann Josef Abs. Though CEO Josef Joham made contact with the Office of Strategic Services, Creditanstalt also settled the financial issues of several Nazi concentration camps as well as the "Aryanization" of Jewish-owned businesses, like the re-establishment of Sascha-Film as

Wien-Film Limited.

Hermann Josef Abs (15 October 1901 in Bonn – 5 February 1994 in Bad Soden) was a leading German banker and advisor to Chancellor Adenauer. He was a member of the board of directors of Deutsche Bank from 1938 to 1945, as well as of 44 other companies,

including IG Farben. As the most powerful commercial banker of the Third Reich, he was, according to economic journalist Adam LeBor, "the lynchpin of the continent wide plunder".

He was chairman of Deutsche Bank, and contributed to the reconstruction of the German economy. He

chaired the German credit facility that distributed the counterpart funds created by the Marshall plan. Working closely with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, he was a leader in rebuilding heavy industry, and helped draft the investment policy for basic industries in 1952. He played a

major diplomatic role in resolving the prewar German debts at the London War Debt Agreement of 1953. In 1953 he negotiated the restitution to Israel and individual Jews for the Holocaust.

Deutsche Bank was founded in Berlin in 1870 as a specialist bank for financing foreign

trade and promoting German exports.

Three of the founders were Georg Siemens, whose father's cousin had founded Siemens and Halske; Adelbert Delbrück and Ludwig Bamberger.
Major projects in the early years of the bank included the Northern Pacific Railroad in the US and the

Baghdad Railway (1888). In Germany, the bank was instrumental in the financing of bond offerings of steel company Krupp (1879) and introduced the chemical company Bayer to the Berlin stock market.

The bank merged with other local banks in 1929 to create Deutsche Bank and

Disconto-Gesellschaft. In 1937, the company name changed back to Deutsche Bank.

Disconto-Gesellschaft was founded in 1851 as a “credit partnership,” and in 1856 was changed into a limited liability, joint-stock company by David Hansemann.

In 1890, a branch was opened in London,

from which time dated the institution's activities in overseas matters. In 1901, on the liquidation of the house of M. A. Rothschild & Sons of Frankfurt am Main, a branch was established in that city, connection being made with the Rothschild Syndicate, with which it has since

been largely identified.

The name "Rothschild" in Yiddish means Red Coat, in reference to a heraldic coat of arms.

Amschel's father had a business in goods-trading and currency exchange. He was a personal supplier of coins to the Prince of Hesse.

With the help of relatives,

Rothschild secured an apprenticeship under Jacob Wolf Oppenheimer at the banking firm of Simon Wolf Oppenheimer in Hanover in 1757.

Rothschild's coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of banking services to Crown

Prince Wilhelm, who became Wilhelm IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1785. Business expanded rapidly following the French Revolution when Rothschild handled payments from Britain for the hire of Hessian mercenaries.

William I, Elector of Hesse (German: Wilhelm I., Kurfürst von

Hessen; 3 June 1743 – 27 February 1821) was the eldest surviving son of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) and Princess Mary of Great Britain, the daughter of George II.

Upon the death of his father on 31 October 1785, he became William IX, Landgrave of

Hesse-Kassel. He was said to have inherited one of the largest fortunes in Europe at the time.
William looked for help in managing his estate. He hired Mayer Amschel Rothschild as "Hoffaktor" in 1769, to supervise the operation of his properties and tax-gathering.

The early

fortunes of the Rothschild family were made through a conjunction of financial intelligence and the wealth of Prince William.

During the Napoleonic Wars, William used the Frankfurt Rothschilds to hide his fortune from Napoleon. This money then saw its way through to Nathan Mayer

, (N.M.) in London, where it helped fund the British movements through Portugal and Spain. The interest made from this venture was reaped by the budding banker barons, who used it to swiftly develop their fortune and prestige in Europe and Britain. It was not long before their

riches outweighed those of their benefactor, William of Hesse-Kassel.

He ruled until his death in Kassel in 1821. He was succeeded by his son William. He succeeded as Elector of Hesse (a title that was moribund after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806) on his

father's death in 1821.

Princess Tatiana of Greece and Denmark, the wife of Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark, son of King Constantine II of Greece is a descendant of William II of Hesse

Princess Tatiana of Greece and Denmark (née Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik, 28 August 1980)

is a Venezuelan publicist, event planner, and writer.

She worked as a publicist and event planner for Diane von Fürstenberg and, in 2016, published the cookbook A Taste of Greece.

In the 1960s, Bernie Cornfeld formed his own mutual fund sales company, Investors Overseas Services (IOS), with principal offices in Geneva, Switzerland, although it was incorporated in Panama.

Although the executive headquarters were in Geneva, the main operational offices of

IOS were in Ferney-Voltaire, France, across the French border from Geneva. During this period, Diane von Furstenberg worked for Cornfeld as a receptionist.

Financier Robert Vesco who, at the time, was also in financial trouble, turned to Cornfeld and offered his help. Vesco

proceeded to use $500 million worth of IOS money to cover his own investments in his International Controls Corporation. When he was discovered, Vesco fled to Costa Rica. IOS then collapsed and in the process ruined a number of US and European banks.

Among the accusations

against Vesco were that he parked funds belonging to IOS investors in a series of dummy corporations, one of which had an Amsterdam address that was later associated with Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, and that he broke into a Swiss bank vault to obtain shares.

Vesco was

also investigated for a secret contribution made to the 1972 campaign to re-elect Nixon. As counsel to International Controls Corporation, New Jersey lawyer Harry L. Sears delivered the contribution to Maurice Stans, finance chairman for the Committee to Re-elect the President.

Vesco had wanted Attorney General John N. Mitchell to intercede on his behalf with SEC chairman William J. Casey. While Vesco fled the country, Stans, Mitchell, and Sears were indicted for obstruction of justice, though charges against all three were dismissed.

In Cuba, Vesco

joined forces with rogue former CIA operative Frank Terpil, and they offered their network of contacts to the Cuban government.
On or about May 31, 1995, Vesco attempted to defraud Nixon and Raúl Castro, and Cuban authorities seized control of the project and arrested Vesco,

his wife, and Terpil.

Frank E. Terpil (1939 – March 1, 2016) was a CIA agent born in Brooklyn, New York, U.S. in 1939, who was asked to leave the agency for misconduct in 1971. He then "went rogue", going to work for Edwin P. Wilson's operations supplying arms, bomb making

training, and surveillance equipment to numerous regimes.

Edwin Paul Wilson (May 3, 1928 – September 10, 2012) was a former CIA and Office of Naval Intelligence officer who was convicted in 1983 of illegally selling weapons to Libya.

In 1971, with the CIA's knowledge and

approval, Wilson moved to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he worked full-time for a secret intelligence unit called the Naval Field Operations Support Group (NFOSG) or Task Force 157.

A partner with Edwin P. Wilson in this company was another former CIA officer, Thomas

G. Clines. Wilson also maintained that Major General Richard V. Secord was also a "silent partner" in this company, though Secord denied this allegation. Nonetheless, Wilson, Clines and Theodore Shackley (another former CIA officer) were all working together with Secord in the

summer of 1984 when Oliver North approached Secord to ask for help in buying arms for the Contras, a group of armed rebels then trying to overturn the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua.