đ What do we know of the climate effects of large explosive volcanic eruptions?
This thread is based on the 2021 @IPCC_CH, climate report, on the physical science basis of climate change ipcc.ch/report/AR6/WG1
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Major volcanic eruptions can inject sulphur dioxide gas into the stratosphere, leading to the formation of reflective sulphate aerosols that can cool the planet during up to a few years by reflecting some incoming solar radiation.
Figure from volmip.org
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Major eruptions drive a range of climate system responses for several years, depending upon whether the eruption occurs in the tropics (with stratospheric aerosol dispersion in both hemispheres), or the extra-tropics (dispersion in the hemisphere of eruption).
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