Wanna know how different BA.2 can be? look BA.3
(Yes, there is a 3rd one).
ill show here that if we apply the logic some use to explain BA.2, BA.3 should also be successful, and it’s not.
(TL;DR Genetics are more complexed than what we would like to think.)
1/8
In terms of GISAID # seq’s :
BA.1/2/3 has 528,773, 10,873 & 86 (respectively).
BA.3 did manage to transmit in the population. It was found in 9 countries in 3 continents. In Poland and SA it seems to transmit over time.
But in comparison to the other two BA’s… it sucks.
2/8
Those are the positions in which BA.3 mutated ,only NS and del’s(S gene marked in the middle).
Blue – shared with BA.2
Red – shared with BA.1
Grey – unique.
(Recombination shout’s out of course.)
3/8
Here are the 3 variants mutations in the RBD.
BA.3 has 15 NS in RBD (like BA.1) and 9 in the RBM (more than BA.2).
Could it be that there is more to the pic than RBD?
and also - If immune evasion is the main factor for the Rt of O as some say – why did BA.3 lag behind ?
4/8
Here is the same distribution for the S1 (nonRBD).
5/8
And here is this distribution in the ORF1ab. The forgotten part of the genome that may holds the answer for a lot of the clinical differences between variants.
6/8
Now back to BA.2 - Many think BA.2 is just another form of BA.1 as they share many mutations. But BA.3 share more with BA.1 (more pronounced in the S1 and specifically in the RBD). That didn’t helped BA.3.
And while BA.3 has only 9 Non BA.1 NS, BA.2 has 20 (!).
7/8
So- There is more to genetics than simple arithmetic calculation of mutations.
Until more clinical data gathered for BA.2, let’s refer to it as a different variant outcompeting BA.1.

8/8
Green of course - shared by all 3

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More from @shay_fleishon

Jan 17
Omicron. It not what you think it is.
Omicron is a name given by the WHO not from a scientific reason but mostly for journalist not calling it “The south African variant #2”.
But BA.2 is not (!!!!) BA.1 as I explained in the thread attached.
Is BA.2 has a higher Rt than BA.1? well the data as presented routinely by @JosetteSchoenma and by using the amazing app @CorneliusRoemer made shows it might even be more transmissible.
mybinder.org/v2/gh/corneliu… Image
Can it evade our immune response? Well, look at it’s RBD, 16 NS SNP's, 12 are shared with BA.1.
No one will be surprised if it’ll be somewhere in the BA.1 level.
Read 5 tweets
Jan 11
Is BA.2 different?
BA.2 share 32 mutations with BA.1, but it also has 28 (!) unique mutations.
28, That's a lot. it’s more than the defining in α,β,δ, and most of Δ main clades.
I took the defining mutations of BA.1 & BA.2 (NS only), and compared the resemblance between the 2 variants in main parts of the genome. Some difference in S1. E is the same, N & M are different in 1 mutation between the two variants.
And...quite a difference when we go to ORF1ab Image
SARS-COV-2 translate non structural proteins and negatively select stop codons and frame shits within those for a reason.
RNA replication, proof reading, inhibition of innate immunity and more. Mediated by nonstructural proteins. affecting transmissibility and severity.
Read 4 tweets
Jan 5
Omicron is a weird variant.
Together with @SternLab i took a dive into it's strangeness from the genomic point of view by analyzing the defining mutations of the 3 Omi’s (BA.1/2/3) and 65 other variants having a long branch in the tree and high % of NS mutations.
The strangest thing of course is the RBD mutations. There are a lot. As seen, they are not in line with the trend of many other variants.
But when looking at S1 (non RBD), Omi’s seems more in line with the general trend.
Read 15 tweets
Dec 28, 2021
I see a lot of Omi samples with Delta mutations recently. Maybe contamination maybe convergence.
I went to look at it.
I took all non UK Omi samples from 26.12 (~17.5K) and looked for ones with Delta mutations (21j or 21i) using a code by @DrorBendet. I found 890 samples.
Here we can see that most of the samples are with 1-3 delta mutations. As we go to higher #delta mutations the probability for this to be a lab contamination is going up.
Here are the # of samples with each mutation. What pops up immediately is that the most prevalent ones are the more converged with other variants.
Read 10 tweets

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