Russia's armed forces will now be entrenched in Belarus and Ukraine for a while. One of the major questions that the US and Europe will have to ask is how far they revise their baseline assumptions about Putin's aims and risk-appetite beyond Ukraine, including towards NATO.
The costs, consequences and risks of attacking Ukraine, though epically high, are less than those of attacking NATO territory—an alliance with a mutual-defence clause and three nuclear-armed members. But there is going to be some serious stock-taking now.
Remember that NATO is currently working on its next strategic concept, which sets out its strategy. EU "strategic compass" due soon. US working on national security strategy and nuclear posture review. All these documents will be profoundly affected by Russia's invasion.
You can see seasoned foreign policy and defence wonks (sensibly) re-think assumptions in real time.
Stephen Hadley, Bush's former NSA, told us about his concerns around Kaliningrad: “If Putin succeeds in Ukraine, he might decide that he needs a land bridge to link Kaliningrad to Belarus and then Russia...through Lithuania or Poland”. economist.com/europe/2022/02…
I don't think that's a serious possibility myself. But the fact that people like Hadley are worrying about it tells you something about the mood, I think.
Remember: US intel officials had it right on Dec 3rd. To much eye-rolling, they warned @washingtonpost that Russia would gather 100 BTGs & 1750,000 personnel. They were right (in fact numbers are higher). They also predicted a "a multi-front offensive". washingtonpost.com/national-secur…
Recall that Bill Burns went to Moscow in early Nov 21. It suggests US IC might have had the plans then. "Assessments on Russia's motives differ widely within the admin, with some sources telling CNN they believe Russia could be preparing for an invasion" edition.cnn.com/2021/11/05/pol…
In fact NYT just reported they indeed have the plans then. Putin "was preparing to invade Ukraine, top intelligence and military officials told Mr. Biden"—in October. nytimes.com/2022/02/21/us/… via @CherylRofer
Western official: Over 110 BTGs now on border with "number still in transit". Two-thirds within 50km of Ukraine border. A significant number have moved closer since Thurs. Of those within 50km range, around half are now "tactically deployed"—moving out into tactical formation.
Western official: Russian armed forces going from "postured from military operations to being poised for military operations". All the indications we see are for a large-scale invasion using multiple axes, with a series of objectives.
Western officials: "there are elements within the military and Russian security services who have a very serious doubts about the plan to invade, and its effectiveness and tactical and strategic wisdom, to put it mildly."
Some lofty language from the Elysee. “Intense diplomatic work will be undertaken "in order to achieve, if the conditions are met, a meeting at the highest level to define a new order of peace and security in Europe," adds the French Presidency” lemonde.fr/international/…
The original: ‘Un travail diplomatique intense va être engagé « afin d’aboutir, si les conditions sont remplies, à une rencontre au plus haut niveau en vue de définir un nouvel ordre de paix et de sécurité en Europe », ajoute la présidence française’ lemonde.fr/international/…
Full context: "this diplomatic work should make it possible to progress on basis of the latest exchanges [with] all the stakeholders (Europeans, allies, Russians & Ukrainians) in order to achieve, if conditions are met, a meeting at the highest level..." elysee.fr/emmanuel-macro…
‘’Asked whether a Russian invasion is still thought to be imminent, Mr Johnson said: "I'm afraid that that is what the evidence points to, there's no burnishing it. "The fact is that all the signs are that the plan has already in some senses begun."…’ bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politi…
‘"I'm afraid to say that the plan we are seeing is for something that could be really the biggest war in Europe since 1945 just in terms of sheer scale," the prime minister said.’ bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politi…
‘Intelligence suggests Russia intends to launch an invasion that will encircle Ukrainian capital Kyiv, Mr Johnson said.
"People need to understand the sheer cost in human life that could entail," he said.’ bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politi…
"Four people familiar with U.S. intelligence said that Russia has drafted lists of Ukrainian political figures and other prominent individuals to be targeted for either arrest or assassination in the event of a Russian assault on Ukraine."
"A fifth person, a U.S. official who spoke on condition of anonymity, said that the United States has been downgrading its intelligence classification regarding threats to specific groups within Ukraine to share this information with Ukrainian...officials" foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/18/rus…
"The Biden admin. has also been startled by how formalized the lists are, which appear to target anyone who could challenge the Russian agenda. Five Eyes ... partners have also tracked Russian intelligence agencies, such as the FSB and GRU, building up target and kill lists"
Russia to US: "In the absence of the readiness of the American side to agree on firm, legally binding guarantees … by the US and its allies, Russia will be forced to respond, including through the implementation of military-technical measures." kommersant.ru/doc/5218858
Russia: “In 2014, a coup d'état took place in Kiev, the initiators of which, with the support of the United States and its allies, set a course to create a nationalist state that infringes on the rights of the Russian and Russian-speaking population” kommersant.ru/doc/5218858?fr…
For those who think this is just about future Nato membership, good luck making sense of these new demands. Russia to US: “To de-escalate the situation around Ukraine, it is fundamentally important to take the following steps”. kommersant.ru/doc/5218858?fr…