2/ France wanted no part of #GreaterLebanon, and long into the eleventh hour, the Quai d'Orsay kept insisting on #PetitLiban. Here's a little snippet from a classified memo #Grouraud sent to the #MAE in June 1920, reflecting France's UNDERSTANDING of #History in the #LongueDurée:
3/ “Lebanon, with proud traditions and a millennial history all its own, ought to remain free, and shan’t be constrained to enter into any regional union. It may wish to be associated economically in a joint customs and monetary regime with a future Syrian federation,
4/ but this ought to be the outcome of negotiations conducted and agreed upon by sovereign states recognizing the imperative that is #Lebanese independence in a #PetitLiban, but also conciliating the marked particularisms of certain Syrian regions (Aleppo for instance)
5/ vis-à-vis Damascus. Any serious study of the Syrian region will reveal that only a federal system is adequate to reconcile & harmonize discord, prevent antagonisms, & guarantee unity in diversity--as demonstrated in the examples of the USA & the Helvetic confederations.”
End/
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This is what remains of #CharlesCorm's short lived #AmitiéLibanoPalestinienne; bits and pieces of documents at the #CZArchives in Jerusalem, and an exchange of notes of goodwill like this one to #EliahuEpstein (Eilath) and his wife, "in recognition of [our] friendship"
Based on Epstein's recollections and #JewishAgency papers, there is a sizable slice of Lebanese history extirpated from Lebanon's official curricula and doctored up (or suppressed) by the curators of the private papers of Lebanon's "founding fathers." #Corm for instance believed
in the special responsibility incumbent upon the descendants of the #Hebrews and the #Phoenicians, and the obligations they respectively had to modern Israel and Lebanon. Layers of cultures have been deposited in Israel and Lebanon, throughout their history [he admitted...]
Excellent must-read essay.
Couple of things I would've worded differently: 1- The Lebanese speak Lebanese period, NOT Lebanese Arabic, just like the French speak French, NOT French Latin; newlinesmag.com/argument/how-a…
2- Lebanese is a language, NOT a dialect (the word dialect is a statement of power, not observation and NOT analysis); 3- Diglossia is a linguistic situation where two or more languages (NOT necessarily only "varieties of the same language") coexist in a subordinate relationship
(a High language that is learned and NOT natively spoken, vs. a Low language that is natively spoken and subordinated to the H.) #JoshuaFishman expanded Ferguson's restrictive definition to include unrelated languages (eg, Alsatian vs. French) in the diglossic relationships...
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Like my Cilician grandmother's family, Afeyan's took refuge in Lebanon when Lebanon could still brag about being a refuge. #CharlesCorm (the builder of the Armenian "refugee camp" that eventually became Beirut's most industrious and enterprising municipality) wrote
"It is here, in Lebanon, since time immemorial, that every minority, whenever mistreated and whenever abused, elsewhere in the Near East, has found sanctuary, has found safe refuge, from murder and tyranny. Even Druze and Shi’as, even Muslims themselves,
when persecuted by majorities among them, have always found peace, freedom and security, in the shadow of the Lebanon! And so, here are we, us the Armenians, ever since the persecutions of 1875, and during the massacres of Red Abdulhamid, in 1895, then in 1915, and later in
1- Reflections on yesterday’s storming of the Capitol, and the responsibility borne by the sensationalist inflammatory indecent dishonest Media of the 21st century for those events, their clones, their antecedents, and their aftermath.
2- To be fair, 21st century media are stuck between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand they suffer a paucity of old-style journalists & beat-reporters; on the other hand they face stiff competition & “news” overkill from new forms of media, what the French call GAFTA;
3- that is to say Google Apple Facebook Twitter Amazon and 24-hour news channels etc.) Thus the Media today are no more than glittering (that is to say cheap vulgar bling bling) platforms for sensationalism, scoops, “citizen journalism,” oversimplifications, jingles, slogans,
1- In defense of Partition:
France let go of Krak des Chevaliers in 1932. So should Lebanon disabuse itself of the obsession with monuments to Lebanese history, Baalbek, Sour etc, that have gone to the dark side. 100 years of Lebanon has been a failed experiment. Enough!
2- In a letter from Latakié dated April 1, 1931, French Under-Secretary of State for the Fine Arts wrote the following to the French Minister of Foreign Affairs:
“Krak des Chevaliers, precious specimen of France’s military architectural style of 12th and 13th centuries, is left
3- to the depredations of locals plundering and sullying it with their animal herds. The neglect and molestation of this precious historical site presents an inexorable continuous state of degradation. Not content with wonton vandalism of precious sculpture, and piling up rubbish
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Excerpts of a speech given by General Henri Gouraud in Damascus, June 20, 1920; a Speech-Program" of sorts, meant to guarantee Lebanese sovereignty but also stymie Faysal's "Arab Syria" program. #Maysalun was 34 days later. My grandfather was there, under Gen. Goybet!
2- "Lebanon, with proud traditions & a history all its own, ought to remain free, and shan't be constrained to enter into any regional union. It may wish to be associated economically in a joint customs & monetary regime with a future Syrian federation, but this ought to be
3- the outcome of negotiations conducted & agreed to by sovereign states recognizing the imperative that is Lebanese independence, but also conciliating the marked particularism of certain regions of Syria, Aleppo for instance, vis-a-vis of Damascus. A serious study of the Syrian