Andrew Brunatti Profile picture
Mar 30, 2022 6 tweets 2 min read Read on X
Continuing my tweet series for #Castlereagh200, today's question: How does mental health factor into the different hypotheses that have been put forward to explain Castlereagh's suicide? 1/

#ViscountCastlereagh #twitterstorians #HistParl

(Img: BM) Image
Psychiatric analysis has concluded that Castlereagh likely suffered from recurrent major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms. However there have also been other hypotheses, most notably neurosyphilis. 2/
The reality is that any specific diagnosis will remain uncertain given the inherent gaps in the historical record. But the lack of a specific diagnosis shouldn't hinder a broader discussion of Castlereagh’s mental health that could prove more generalisable. 3/
Poor mental health can affect individuals with no underlying medical conditions, exacerbate existing mental or physical illnesses, or increase vulnerability to new or recurrent episodes of illness. 4/
Whether Castlereagh was suffering from mental illness or the psychological symptoms of a physical illness, his mental health would have been a key factor in his personal resilience. 5/5

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More from @AndrewBrunatti

Jan 24, 2023
Which Lord Londonderry is portrayed in this caricature/portrait by Richard Dighton?

A somewhat confusing🧵

#twitterstorians #19thC #portraiture

Image: Richard Dighton, @britishmuseum (BM), 1852,1116.559 Uncoloured print, showing a...
Between roughly 1818-1828, Richard Dighton did a series of profile portraits of men in Regency London's high society. Most were etchings, and the BM has digitized many prints held in its collection--they are worth your time if you're interested in Regency society, style, and art.
The earlier prints of this particular portrait, published individually by Dighton himself, are clearly dated to July 1821. Copies show up in the collections of the @britishmuseum, @NPGLondon, and @RCT.

(details shown here are from prints in the BM and RCT collections) A detail image showing the ...A detail image of the same ...
Read 15 tweets
Nov 25, 2022
The Stallburg in Vienna.

An elegant 16th Century building on the edge of the sprawling Hofburg palace. It housed the royal art collection and the royal stables.

It was also home to Austria's most efficient intelligence organization.

A 🧵

#twitterstorians #IntelHistory
The late-Renaissance building with an inner courtyard surrounded by arcades was multi-functional: it housed the royal stables, guest apartments, the royal art collection, and an armoury. In fact, the ground floor is still used as the stables for the vaunted Lipizzaner Stallions.
Around 1711 the Stallburg also became the home of the Ziffernkanzlei--the 'Number Office.'

A name both suggestive and vague (and one of many used throughout the organization's existence), it was really the secret office for mail interception and decryption.
Read 12 tweets
Nov 15, 2022
Castlereagh Creeping the House of Lords, or the Story of a Misidentified Portrait.

A 🧵

2 artists captured the proceedings against Queen Caroline in the #HouseofLords in 1820, and both include #ViscountCastlereagh. Let's start with James Stephanoff.

#twitterstorians #HistParl Image
Stephanoff shows Castlereagh perched on a staircase, watching from a small window. The 1823 key for Stephanoff's work identifies this figure as "The Marquis of Londonderry [Castlereagh], who usually took his station on the stairs leading to the gallery during the investigation." ImageImage
The other portrayal of the trial is, of course, George Hayter's monumental painting. Hayter, however, shows Castlereagh positioned in the box of the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, on the bottom right corner. Image
Read 13 tweets
Aug 12, 2022
#OTD in 1822, #ViscountCastlereagh, Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons, died by his own hand.

Thanks very much to those of you who have followed my #Castlereagh200 threads, looking at Castlereagh's career through the lens of mental health.

1/

#twitterstorians Detail of Castlereagh's sta...
I was at a loss for how to mark the day after spending the last 2 years writing the research article on which all these tweets are based.

Maybe something more reflective is fitting.

I had always been interested in Castlereagh from a diplomatic and political standpoint...

2/
...and became increasingly interested in exploring the mental health aspect of his story because it was a challenging area that would combine history, politics, psychology, medicine, and other disciplines.

So I started researching in 2020.

3/
Read 9 tweets
Aug 10, 2022
In the last few months of #Castlereagh200 threads we've covered a lot of ground, looking at many stressors that put Castlereagh's #MentalHealth at risk.

Now that we're only days from the bicentenary of his death, let's look at some conclusions.

#twitterstorians

1/ Viscount Castlereagh, Thoma...
First, the stress on Castlereagh was cumulative and pervasive. The downward spiral that he experienced in the weeks preceding his suicide was only the final chapter in a story that had been developing for yrs. The overlap between the professional and the social made it worse.

2/
Castlereagh was arguably a successful policymaker. But what did that require? He had to be a strategist, a tactician, a courtier, a whip, an orator, a master of protocol, an ambassador, a traveller, a negotiator, a socialite, and a political campaigner.

3/
Read 15 tweets
Aug 8, 2022
As we turn the corner into the week of August 12, I want to focus this #Castlereagh200 🧵 on a final area of #MentalHealth risk connected to the workplace: job insecurity.

Bear with me though--I turn this one on its head.

#ViscountCastlereagh #twitterstorians

1/14 Detail from 'A Knight of th...
If you've been following these #Castlereagh200 threads, you may call that I'm drawing from a risk framework that forms the basis for my upcoming article on Castlereagh and mental health. See the attached table, adapted from Boini, 2020 and Gollac et al, 2011.

2/14 Image
Job insecurity has long been recognized as a mental health risk. But was Castlereagh's job insecure? No.

Electorally he was in safe seats, only losing his home seat briefly in 1805. His position in Cabinet after 1812 was arguably more secure than Liverpool's.

3/14 Detail from 'Castle-Fish Do...
Read 15 tweets

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