Science or sorcery? The #IronPillar of Delhi had everyone stumped for ages, till scientists solved its metallurgical mystery. The question was: how could an iron pillar be exposed to Delhi’s heat, dust, cold and rains for 1,600 years without the slightest trace of rust? 1/6
Standing in the Qutb Complex, the #IronPillar is a 4th century CE, Gupta-era monument. An inscription in #Sanskrit and the Brahmi script reveals that it was erected by King Chandra (probably Chandragupta II) and that it celebrates his victories in battle. 2/6
But #DidYouKnow that the #IronPillar was originally erected in Udayagiri, in Vidisha, in present-day Madhya Pradesh? It is said to have been brought to #Delhi as a trophy by Sultan Iltutmish (r. 1211 - 1236) of the Slave Dynasty, after he conquered Vidisha. But there’s more. 3/6
It is also believed that the #IronPillar was brought to Delhi by the Tomar Rajput King Anangapal and founder of Delhi in the 11th century. He may have brought it here to adorn his capital at Lal Kot, the ruins of which are still visible all around. 4/6
The secret of the Iron Pillar’s rust-resistance was unlocked when scientists realised that the process used to make it was too primitive to remove impurities produced by the ‘forge welding’ process. These impurities formed a protective coating and prevented it from rusting. 5/6
Raising pillars was a symbol of victory and like the Iron Pillar, the #QutbMinar too is a victory pillar. Thus, it is only fitting that both these magnificent pillars stand in the same complex today, wowing everyone who sets eyes on them. Read More: livehistoryindia.com/story/monument…
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Rockets were once a deadly weapon of war but did you know that high-end rockets were invented by Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, who died #OnThisDay in 1799 CE? His rockets were so effective, they even left a mark on the American national anthem, the Star Spangled Banner. 1/8
Rockets had been used in #war by the Chinese and Arabs in medieval times but their casings were made of bamboo, wood and cardboard. They were no more than fireworks used in battle to light up the night sky or to frighten enemy horses. 2/8
What made Tipu’s rockets deadly was the use of iron casing, which allowed for greater compression, which created greater thrust and gave them a long range (2.4 km). The Mysorean Rocket was the deadliest missile in the world at the time. 3/8
What' the link between Lahore’s oldest red-light district and two of the subcontinent’s greatest Emperors? It’s hard to imagine today but till 250 years ago, Heera Mandi was a royal neighbourhood and a hub of culture & the performing arts. Come, follow its twists and turns. 1/8
#Lahore was the capital of #Mughal Emperor Akbar in the 16th century, and what later became a bazaar was set up to house the attendants and servants of the royal court. It was called Shahi Mohalla or Royal Neighbourhood. 2/8
Soon, it began to throb to the rhythm, music & dance performances of tawaifs, or professional entertainers of the royal court, and mujra performances. This culture flourished and Shahi Mohalla produced names such as Noor Jahan, Khurshid Begum & Mumtaz Shanti, among others. 3/8
#OnThisDay in 1857, an Indian sepoy in Bengal fired a bullet that would ricochet across the subcontinent and all the way to England. He was Mangal Pandey and he was protesting new bullet cartridges that offended the religious sentiments of Indian sepoys in the army.
Two months later, sepoys in Meerut rebelled for the same reason, triggering the Revolt of 1857, a turning point in Indian history. It was the most powerful revolt against the British in India but not the first. A thread on other revolts against British rule in the subcontinent.
In the Benares Rebellion of 1781, Maharaja Chait Singh refused to contribute cavalry and money to Governor-General Warren Hastings. The conflict led to the death of 200 sepoys and British officers. This emboldened zamindars in Bihar to refuse to pay revenue to the British.
She was an early feminist in Hindi literature and one of the four pillars of the Chhayawadi or Neo-Romanticism movement (1918-1938). She was Mahadevi Verma and she was born #OnThisDay in 1907.
Verma was fearless. She walked out of her child marriage and lived as an ascetic. Her works, such as Shrinkhla Ki Kadhiyaan and Neerja, mirrored the pitiable social status of Indian women. In her essay Hindu Stree Ka Patnitva, she compared marriage to slavery.
Verma was called a ‘Modern Meera’, who expressed the beauty of romance in her work. She laid the foundation of the Neo-Romanticism era of Hindi literature, along with Suryakant Tripathi ‘Nirala’, Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant.
She refused to stay with her husband because she had not given her consent to her marriage as a child. When her case became a raging national debate, she got an empress to advocate for her! Rukhmabai's struggle led to the signing of the Age of Consent Act #OnThisDay in 1891.
Rukhmabai was married at 11, but her stepfather insisted that she complete her education before she moved in with her husband. She wasn’t yet 20 when her husband demanded that they live together. Rukhmabai refused, saying she had not consented to the marriage.
Between 1885 and 1888, a pitched legal battle was fought between the two. The matter went to court but couldn’t be resolved due to a clash of civil law with Hindu law. At one point, Rukhamabai was ordered to either move in with her husband or serve a jail sentence of 6 months.
While the Portuguese, British, Dutch and French have left a firm colonial footprint across India, there is another European power that settled in India but is barely remembered. #DidYouKnow that the Danes had colonies in India and traded from here for more than 200 years?
The three most notable former Danish colonies in India are Tranquebar, now Tharangambadi in coastal Tamil Nadu; Serampore, on the Hooghly, near Kolkata; and the Nicobar Islands – all of them on the east coast of India, then called the Coromandel Coast.
The Danes kept a low profile in India. They had no military presence & did not expand territorially. The secret to their longevity here was their policy of neutrality. They traded as a neutral power to avoid confrontation & getting dragged into wars with stronger powers.