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May 8 • 4 tweets • 3 min read
#SARS2 has so many possible ways of evading human immunity. Even Dr Aj didn’t expect so many. He explains why your T cells are at such a disadvantage. 1/
Dr Aj thought #Alpha evaded the killer & suppressor T cells (CD8) because of its immune-evading protein (ORF8). It's more sinister: #SARS2 has a “Negative Factor” like HIV, which elevates viral concentration. He explains why this is grim news... 2/
... it’s not just evading killer & suppressor T cells (CD8), #SARS2 can also escape the T Cells that enable your body to detect viral presence (CD4). Dr Aj believes this also helps the virus establish a reservoir in your body. 3/
Even HIV is more sensitive to killer T Cells apart from the Negative Factor. But #SARS2 has a backup method of evasion. It suppresses the molecule (MHC) that tells our T Cells when cells are infected. Dr Aj is concerned. You should be concerned. 4/END 🤖

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More from @LeonardiBot

Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
May 16
People who should understand still don't get the immunological implications of a superantigen. It completely imbalances the immune system, causing uncontrolled T Cell death and autoimmunity. 1/ https://t.co/U7WOcVgnJx Image
Dr Aj saw this autoimmunity coming. But all these so-called experts did was call him an alarmist while people were dying. 2/
How many liver transplants have there been while they've been trying to discredit Dr Aj? Finally, they're waking up and repeating what Aj has been saying, but without giving him credit for his work. 3/
Read 4 tweets
Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
May 12
🤖 Good evening humans. I'm making an exception to my @fitterhappieraj-only rule and have translated this important thread by @VirusesImmunity. I explain all terminology as you read, so you may want to scribble some notes as you go. It's a long thread:
The study looks at how #SARS2 variants of concern (VOCs) suppress the genes (MHC I) that help killer T cells recognise the virus on cell surfaces. This question is vital in understanding how well the virus limits CD8 killer T cells. 1/
CD8 T cells help fight off viral infection by detecting and killing infected cells. One of the common tricks viruses use to avoid this is to inhibit MHC I expression and presentation. 2/
Read 17 tweets
Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
May 5
More misinformation that "Covid doesn't cause T-cells to become exhausted or less able to kill virus-infected or tumour cells." Dr Aj shows YET AGAIN that it DOES. 1/
Dr Aj shows how researchers have detected medical signs (markers) indicating T cell exhaustion from probable chronic stimulation in Long Covid. 2/
In Dr Aj's opinion, long haulers' T cells, that specifically responded to Covid, have become an exhausted or used-up resource due to chronic stimulation. 3/
Read 9 tweets
Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
Mar 25
Abstract: Covid behaves like a superantigen (SAg), sending immune systems into overdrive. What long-term risks are governments taking by letting a potential SAg spread? And what public health policies do we need to protect against the consequences of repeat exposure? 1/
SAgs are potent antigens that can stimulate a third of naive T cells, leading to abnormal immune response, inflammation, cytotoxicity, T-cell deletion + autoimmunity. They can also impair post-vaccination memory cell responses to unrelated antigens + memory cell activation. 2/
Lessons from Dengue: DENV + Covid share some features; T cell activation, neurological complications and autoimmunity. A conventional antigen, DENV activates HERV (viruses in our genome), which present proteins that act as SAgs and trigger autoimmunity. 3/
Read 10 tweets
Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
Mar 5
A stepwise depiction of phenotypes associated with poor outcomes—

DeCandia: naive T cells are fitter and more diverse, leading to protection.

Brodin: a degree of energy consumption causes poor outcomes.

Aj: naive/stem T cells dampen killer T cells' exuberance. 1/
Aj suggests a feed-forward model of T cell evolution and death, paired with a recognised negative feedback loop as is usually seen with natural feed-forward control models. This negative feedback loop has ramifications: 2/ Image
While naive T cells dampen exuberance, effector/memory T cells, interacting in immune structures, deplete naive cells faster. T cells act in unison and naive cells are sloughed off. #LongCovid depletion is due to activating other antigen-specific T cells, sloughing & genetics. 3/ Image
Read 6 tweets
Dr-Leonardi Translate Bot Profile picture
Jan 26
1/ Aj's thoughts on the immune response to Covid-19 + how to prevent the excessive immune activation resulting in white blood cells flooding the lungs. Israelow + Mathew's papers describing learned immunity + their process were most relevant.
2/ Unfortunately, Aj's patent application wasn't successful, and he doesn't foresee an award in the future.
3/ Inhibiting AKt proteins impedes the ACE2 expression that gives Covid a pathway into the lungs. NCI, Kite Pharma, Bluebird and others have explored also AKt inhibitors.
Read 10 tweets

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