28 JUNE 1778 - BATTLE OF MONMOUTH - #RevolutionaryWar
On 18 June 1778, LT General Sir Henry Clinton, British Commander, ordered Philadelphia evacuated, and led 10,000 of his men and a large baggage train on an overland march to New York City.
Gen George Washington had his Main Army follow closely behind, looking for an opportunity to strike the British. On the morning of 28 June, the American advance guard, commanded by Maj Gen Charles Lee, attacked Clinton's rear guard.
Although they outnumbered their foe then on the field, Lee lacked confidence in his men and failed to press his early advantage. Maj Gen Lord Charles Cornwallis, commander of the British army's rear division, counter-attacked. The confused Americans began to retreat.
Washington hurried forward with his army's main body and met Lee and his columns moving away from the battle. Washington relieved Lee from command, halted the retreat and rallied the army. He established defensive positions as Continental Army reinforcements joined the battle.
The Americans successfully repulsed four enemy assaults in hours of heavy fighting in the hot late-June temperatures. After the fighting ended at around 1800, the British disengaged and slipped away and continued their march to Sandy Hook.
Monmouth was considered a tactical draw, but the Continental Army demonstrated it could fight on equal terms with British regulars.
28 JUNE 1918 BIRTHDAY of the US ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS BRANCH
Established as the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service (CWS) on 28 June 1918 during #WWI, the Chemical Corps was originally tasked with delivering chemical weapons against the enemy.
In #WWII CWS units assumed a variety of non-chemical warfare related missions, including incendiary weapons like flame throwers and flame tanks, smoke generation, and chemical mortar battalions firing high explosive, illumination and smoke rounds.
On 2 Aug 1946, the CWS was re-designated the U.S. Army Chemical Corps. The post-war corps assumed responsibility for biological warfare (BW) defense and relinquished its mortars to the infantry after the Korean War.
SOLDIER PROFILES – ONLY THREE RECIPIENTS OF THE BADGE OF MILITARY MERIT
The Purple Heart is one of America’s most iconic military decorations, awarded to service members in recognition of injuries sustained while in service.
The decoration’s origins lay in the Revolutionary War, when General George Washington created the Badge of Military Merit, the first military decoration intended expressly to be awarded to enlisted men.
Three badges were awarded at the end of the Revolutionary War. On May 3, 1783, Sgt. Elijah Churchill and Cpl. William Brown received badges from Gen. Washington at Continental Army HQ in Newburgh, New York. Sergeant Daniel Bissell, Jr., received the award on June 10, 1783.
26 JUNE 1917 - Arrival of the first U.S. troops in France during #WWI
The U.S. Army had no permanent divisional organizations before WWI. The Regular Army had to expand the number of its own units, plus provide cadre for the National Army divisions composed mostly of draftees.
The 1st Infantry Division, the "Big Red One," is a direct descendant unit of the First Expeditionary Division. When the United Stated declared war on Germany, the Regular Army only had approximately 1000,000 troops.
Pershing selected the 16th, 18th, 26th and 28th Infantry Regiments, stationed at three camps in Texas and one in Arizona, as the basis for what was called the First Expeditionary Division, which he believed he would then command in France.
25-26 JUNE 1876 - BATTLE OF LITTLE BIGHORN - Indian Wars (Great Sioux War)
At sunrise on 25 June Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer's Arikara and Crow scouts reported a large Indian village was in the Little Bighorn Valley.
Custer divided the 7th Cavalry's 12 companies into three battalions. Custer ordered one three-company battalion, commanded by Major Marcus Reno, to cross the river and attack the village from the south.
Another BN of three companies, under Captain Frederick Benteen, marched southwest to engage any hostile Indians it encountered. Custer retained five companies under his direct command. The last company provided escort for pack mules of the baggage and ammunition train.
PRIDE MONTH SOLDIER PROFILE – MAJOR GENERAL TAMMY SMITH, FIRST OPENLY GAY GENERAL IN THE U.S. MILITARY
Gen. Smith entered the Army with ordinary aspirations; as a first-generation college student, the U of Oregon’s ROTC program presented a path to a college education.
Upon graduating in 1986, Gen. Smith was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant; although most of her class shipped off to Germany, Gen. Smith was posted in Panama as a platoon leader in a sustainment brigade.
As Gen. Smith rose up the ranks, she never expected to become a general officer. Her desire was to excel in roles she enjoyed, and her eclectic career path reflects that drive towards personal fulfillment.
12 JUNE 1948 - WOMEN'S ARMED SERVICES INTEGRATION ACT
Like its counterparts in the other services, the Women's Army Corps (WAC) had been intended to exist only until six months after the end of World War II.
Efforts to keep the separate female corps in the services during peace time resulted in passage of the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act, which was signed into law by President Harry S. Truman on 12 June 1948.
Although women served with the Army since the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) in 1942, and the Women's Army Corps (WAC) in 1943, it was not permanent. When President Truman signed the 1948 legislation, the WAC became a permanent corps of the Regular Army and Army Reserve.