Three High-Risk Currencies 1. Srilanka Rupee 2. Lebanese Pound-£ 3. Turkish Lira
All three countries facing more or less the same kind of macroeconomic structural problems, asset-liability foreign currency book mismatches, market-clearing bad rut, and wage and price rigidities
The surprising thing about Turkey, Lebanon and Srilanka is that all three nations have a high rate of literacy compared to other nations in their regions.
Hence, an intellectual deficit cannot be blamed for either bad or lack of economic policies
Srilanka 90% above literacy rate
The Lebanese Pound, which was at one time around 1500 to an American Dollar, is now trading somewhere around approx 30,000.
The salaries in #Lebanon are still priced using the pre-crisis LBP-$ parity.
People are selling cars to pay utility bills, and cutting cedar trees for wood
So states such as Cuba or North Korea have a closed economy with controlled capital mobility, are cut off from the global financial and trade ecosystem,& are safeguarding their economic sovereignty much better?
Foreign Debts lead to Distress
That is why I oppose Chinese BRI(OBOR)
#Minsky and #Marx were right when they both tried to prove that complacency and stability within capitalism are not possible.
Stability will breed instability
Markets will remain in a volatile state of disequilibrium
What other proofs of concepts do we need after seeing events?
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Wealth Creation and Redistribution are the most surveyed topics in both Development & Growth Economics.
However, what is usually missing in the literature is the intermediary phase, which is #wealth portfolio mgmt. Using a #SWF Sovereign Wealth Fund Transmission Mechanism.
Three of the best SWFs which I have seen operate in the market are the ones owned by the Govts of the UAE, Norway and Singapore.
They are facilitating wealth creation, transmission, store of value, allocation and re-allocation, portfolio re-balancing, risk-reward optimization,Etc
Sovereign Wealth Fund has primarily the following objectives 1. Intergenerational incomes transfer 2. Building an Economic Buffer to surmount systemic risk shocks 3. Amassing FX reserves 4. Diversifying FCAs to reduce risks 5. Accumulating Wealth via strategic investing
6.Etc
Let me try to answer this question in a generalized manner. So, its applicability extends beyond banks, risk insurance and asset management firms.
I think ERM Systems and/or the GRC Systems have now become more regulation oriented across different legal compliance jurisdictions.
Kindly, do note that the ERM/ GRC Models being used are not always the same. Different Industries identify, measure and apply risk controls in an entirely different manner from one another.
Planning to do an #MBA without having any work experience.
Don't do it!
It's a sheer waste of money, time and energy.
In any case, you don't need to learn to invest $70,000+ in case studies, symposiums and business seminars.
If you have that much money, better opt for a specialized qualification which leads to skill development, or why not start your own venture using rational common sense?
By the way, have you ever asked your business studies professor if he or she has ever worked for a day in any organization on a full-time basis?
Most of these top-notch business studies/management science scholars have little to no practical experiences to share.
#Actuarial Risk Management of Pension Funds is a highly specialized field.
This work needs both knowledge and understanding of #Actuarial#Mathematical Methods and #Financial Risk Models. #LDI (Liability driven investing) & CDI(Cashflow Driven Investing) have unique feature risks
Also, #ILS Insurance-Linked Securities and ART Alternative Risk Transfer Products are other asset classes which need a new set of risk management skillsets, which includes both actuarial maths and an enhanced understanding of NAT CAT Events with combined effects.
Actuaries and Risk Managers must master the craft and science of side-pocket investing in the Insurance Securities Market based on Risk Transfer Methods applied.
What we can learn from Singapore @MAS_sg during its early period from a systemic risk management perspective-> 1. Building of forex reserves under Dr Goh after Independence 2. Accumulation and Placement of the Currency Reserves 3. Diversification of the reserves
A case study.
I wish countries, which are today struggling to mobilize hard reserve currency, should make the example of Singapore under Dr Goh a part of their compulsory reading curriculum.
If a tiny city-state can do it, others can follow a good example too. #SriLankaCrisis#Pakistan
Yes, Encashable Precious Metals, Commodities and other Fossil Fuel Reserves/Inventory, such as oil/gas, should be added to the FX Reserves.
I believe Forex Reserves Reporting Methodology needs some fine-tuning by @BIS_org
Capital controls are coming soon.
Most of the countries are facing balance of payments risk, and some of them are teetering on the brink of default on financial contracts, and Multilateral Loans borrowed in the past, might reduce capital mobility, and some might impound FX A/cs.
The last tweet was about the context of the developing world and some Emerging Markets Economies.
Some people on this forum are talking preposterously about sovereign credit risk and default
That Argentina defaulted nine times, etc
What rudderless intellectualism is this?
If a country defaults, it has the potential to create multiple problems having multifaceted dimensions