Jaidev Jamwal Profile picture
Jul 7, 2022 35 tweets 24 min read Read on X
I have a Patreon page for folks who like #ORBAT work I am doing on China & Pak. The ebooks will be free to read eventually, but people who want early access to raw data, graphics and maps can get so there.

patreon.com/jjamwal #osint
1/n
Delingha is one of the most important bases for Chinese PLA Rocket Forces. A lot of the ballistic missile testing happens here. Also has a large number of missile support and storage facilities.
#orbat
2/n ImageImageImageImage
Chinese troops involved in Galwan clash were not from regular army, but 363rd Border Defence Regiment (BDR). Somewhat like our BSF/ITBP but supposedly better equipped. China has 3 regiments 361, 362 and 363 deployed near Laddakh. Each BDR has 3 Inf Coys + 1 Support Coy..
4/n ImageImage
Orange marks are Coys & some of bases of these 3 BDRs. Many other posts not shown. Other units are troops from Xinjiang Military Region and from better equipped 76th and 77th Group Armies. Type-99 tanks at Pangong were from 62nd CAB of 76 GA & T-88s from XMR's 6h Div.
5/n ImageImageImage
The spot of clash is ~40km as crow flies from nearest major supply base (under 363 Reg BDR). Also the much hyped drone delivery service used by Chinese troops has reportedly failed and mules/porters are being used for transporting supplies. 😀

6/n ImageImageImageImage
Forgot in 5/n: Chinese had deployed Type-88 tanks in Laddakh. India deployed T-72M & then superior T-90M. PLA was forced to deploy their best tank, Type-99 from their rear echelons to achieve parity. No sight of their much hyped Type-15 light tank so far. Another burst bubble
7/n ImageImage
Troops of Xinjiang Military Region form main Chinese line of defence on Indo-Tibet border. A short description.

Details will be in ebook and Patreon.
4 Divisions + few independent: 
4th Mot Inf - Aksu
6th Mech Inf - Kashgar
8th Mot Inf - Tacheng
11th Mot Inf - Urumqi
#orbat
8/n ImageImageImageImage
They are deployed on border on 2 Divisions per rotation while other two do some R&R. Some of them are being converted into modernised Combined Arms structure like rest of PLA Army. It happened because their performance during the border standoff was not satisfactory

9/n
Tibet Military Region covers Tibet's borders with Nepal, Bhutan and eastern India. It commands 2 Mountain Combined Arms Brigades (52, 53) and 1 Heavy CAB (54) plus a few independent units and BDRs.
Troops from 52nd CAB & 355th BDR were deployed in Doklam during 2017 conflict
10/n ImageImage
Something about Chinese Missiles:

They are controlled by PLA Rocket Force. It has 9 bases, 2 of which are support. Rest have 7 missile brigades each and a few support units. Each missile brigade has 4-6 launch battalions with 2 companies. ICBM brigades have 6-12 launchers

11/n Image
12-24 for MRBM, 18-36 for IRBM and 36-48 for Cruise Missiles and SRBMs
1st image is bulk of their support, training and manufacturing facilities.
2nd is most of their sites for warhead & missile storage and testing.

#orbat #osint
12/n ImageImage
Near final draft of chapter covering PLA Rocket Forces with locations of Chinese Missile Brigades, support units, storage sites, factories & some labs is available for early access on: patreon.com/posts/69374920

Will be free to read in a few days on my website
#orbat #osint
13/n
Composition of a Heavy Combined Arms Brigade of Chinese Army. It has 5000-6000 soldiers & 112 tanks.

4 CA Btln with 2 tank, 2 mech inf, 1 artillery coy each.

+ 1 btln each of
1 Artillery
1 AD
1 Combat Support
1 Logistics
1 Recon
&
1 Guard Coy
1 HQ Coy
#orbat Image
Composition of a Light Combined Arms Battalion of Chinese Army.

-3 Mot Inf Coys. 10 APCs or wheeled vehicles in each.
-1 firepower coy. 6-9 82 mm Mortars, MANPADS and crew weapons.
-1 support coy
-1 HQ unit.

It is one of many types of Battalions.
#orbat
16/n Image
Chinese Surface To Air Missile sites. Most of such permanent SAM sites are in east.

Not many such sites in Tibet facing India, although there are a few possible spots under construction. Most of their long range SAMs there seem to be deployed on ad hoc basis presently.
17/n ImageImageImageImage
150+ permanent radar/ECM installations in China. Doesn't include mobile/temporary sites. Most are on their eastern coast facing Taiwan. Some are civilian, but hard to be sure.

A few new sites are coming up in Tibet facing India.
#orbat #osint
18/n ImageImageImageImage
Some of Company level HQs of Chinese Border Defence Regiments (BDRs) along Laddakh, Himachal & Uttarakhand borders.
Notice the trenches and Mao slogan in 2nd pic. ImageImage
Some Company level HQs and a few bases of Chinese PLA Army and BDRs in Tibet around India.

1. Wakhan corridor, border between Tibet, Afghanistan & PoK. Pakis & Cheenis do some joint exercises there. Waiting for Afghan momeens to launch Uighur rescue mission through here.
20/n Image
1. Some BDR Company HQs and smaller bases east of Siachen and near Galwan and Hot Springs
2. Units around Pangong Tso.

Haven't marked all bunkers and outposts, quite a few are rarely manned, are too many and very hard to spot with current resources. So not worth the effort
21/n ImageImage
Area around southern Laddakh and Himachal. Terrain is very difficult here, even on Tibetan side. Any road constructed stays under snow for 6 months or more with frequent blockages. Most troop movement is on foot/animals.
22/n Image
Uttarakhand border seems to have 5-6 permanent Companies from 2 BDRs plus occasional visits from Xinjiang Military Region troops.
They still launch probing foot patrols up to 2-3 km in the sector. We do the same.
23/n Image
Near final overview of Chinese Surface To Air Missile sites, HQs & other facilities (White) and Radars (red).
SAM units #ORBAT is incomplete and partially based on old data, but good enough.
Look at defensive ring around Beijing. No other city is as well defended

24/n ImageImage
The first aerostat radar I've come across in China. Probably under command of 2nd Radar Brigade

40° 9'1.65"N117°12'52.61"E
#orbat Image
A list of ~490 Radar and ~280 SAM sites and units in China with details about their #ORBAT and locations. Read on website or download in PDF or e-book format.
It's not complete, but good enough for now.

jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines… #osint

28/n
Indian border with Tibet covering Laddakh, HP & UK is manned by Xinjiang Military District forces. It has 4 Divisions, few ind units and border guards.
After their poor performance in 2019-20, divs were converted in to CA Divs with following #orbat. There are 3 others.

29/n Image
#Orbat and locations of ground troops of PLA Western Theatre Command. These are nearly all of Army units that #China can deploy in Tibet against India.

jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines…
#osint
There is some missing data that can be updated, but it's diminishing returns at this point

30/n
PLA Vehicle Marking System
Read it now on Patreon patreon.com/posts/pla-vehi…

or wait 3-4 days for it to go live on my website.
#orbat #osint
31/n
Information about composition, #orbat, weaponry and organisational structure of Chinese ground forces, from Brigades till Squad level.
Also includes vehicle identification system.

jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines…
#OSINT
32/n
Large data dump with information about #orbat, locations and composition of Chinese Army, Airborne and Marine troops: jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines…
~500 locations marked on Google Earth
#osint

33/n
People's Armed Police with 8-10 lakh personnel is perhaps the largest paramilitary force in the world. It's meant for internal security. Earlier, provincial authorities had partial control, but now it's directly under CMC.

patreon.com/posts/chinese-…
34/n
Some Chinese armed forces badges and patches

1 & 2 - PLA Army 58th and 112nd Combined Arms Brigade
3 - PLA Air Force 6th AAD Division(old)
4 - PLA Rocket Force ImageImageImageImage
5- Electronic Counter Measures Unit (Armoured formation, old^)
6- 2nd Artillery Special Forces (Old guard unit^)
7- PLA Navy Submarine Force
8- 18th SAM Brigade

35/n ImageImageImageImage
PLA Badges and other insignia
These are flags, badges and insignias of various branches of PLA. Some of the patches may be just creations of enthusiasts, rest are real.

Will be unlocked for free in 5 days.

patreon.com/posts/pla-badg…
36/n
Chinese Armed Forces ORBAT Part 8: JLSF, SSF, Factories and Badges

jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines…
37/n
All this has gone a bit longer than I expected. There is some more data which I'll try to fit in a PDF, ebook and/or blog post and then be done with it apart from a few major updates worth mentioning.
Corrections welcome.

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More from @JaidevJamwal

Oct 3, 2023
Since illegal #Chinese funding to Indian journalists (and others) is in news, here is a partial list of Chinese organisations which work for CCP and are most likely involved in this scenario. Info provided here has some gaps & I won't go into details, but take a look.

1/
It starts with Strategic Support Force (SSF) & Ministry of State Security (MSS). They command or work with a wide network of local and foreign organisations involved in propaganda, espionage, warfare and R&D. SSF is involved in space, weapon development and other things too.

2/
Image
Image
SSF's oversees multiple departments & I'm not 100% sure about exact hierarchy yet. So take it FWIW.
Network Systems Department under SSF is meant for Information warfare operations through multiple Departments
-Cyber Warfare
-Electronic Warfare
-Multiple country specific
3/
Read 10 tweets
May 25, 2023
A thread about #Jammu with information about history of the region & #Dogra culture.
Staring with an old portrait of Maharaja Gulab Singh, founder of Dogra dynasty & ruler of undivided Jammu, Kashmir, Laddakh, Gilgit, Baltistan & other territories. Compare with present map
1/
Image
Image
Before his reign, Jammu & surrounding areas had numerous small kingdoms & principalities. They were fiercely independent & proved impossible to be conquered and ruled under one banner.
Gulab Singh was the first one to do so and became 1st Maharaja of the region.
2/ Image
A stamp released in 1934 shows actual territories controlled by the dynasty.
Text reads: Shree Ram Ji sahaay Jambu Kaashmir Tibbetadi National Stamp.
Picture is of Maharaja Hari Singh, last acting ruler till 1947.

I like the old Jambu name 😀
3/ Image
Read 7 tweets
Jan 8, 2023
Thread about Chinese PLA Rocket Force (PLARF), missiles and nuclear assets. Read on for a general overview.
For details and maps, visit this link: jjamwal.in/yayavar/chines…

There've been some new updates since this post was published, but those are relatively minor.

1/
PLARF is a unique force which holds the world's largest arsenal of ballistic missiles (BMs) & employs nearly 1 lakh (100 thousand) personnel. It is a separate arm from PLA Army, Air Force and Navy which have their own separate arsenals of SRBMs, cruise missiles (CMs) & SLBMs

2/
There are 2200-2500 ballistic missiles in China, of which 80-110 are ICBMs. There are supposedly 300-320 nuclear warheads which are spread across these ICBMs, SLBMS, ALCMs and a small number of shorter ranged BMs. Nearly all newer BMs are solid fueled apart from older DF-4

3/
Read 14 tweets
Jan 6, 2023
A thread about Pakistani Nuclear Forces, their assets and Command & Control structure. If you want just the basics, then read this thread.
For details and maps, go to this link: jjamwal.in/yayavar/pakist…
Questions (not dumb), corrections & feedback welcome.
#orbat #osint
1/
Pakistan has managed to create a fairly good nuclear command structure and arsenal with help from China and US which ignored the illegal proliferation attempts and even helped the project in some ways. Although not as advanced and susceptible to internal security risks,
2/ ImageImageImage
it accounts for a huge portion of Pakistani defence spending. 

Nuclear Command & Control consists of following organisations:

1. National Command Authority (NCA): Highest decision making command with 6 civilian ministers, 3 military and 1 intelligence as members.

3/ Image
Read 13 tweets
Dec 23, 2022
Thread about Chinese Eastern Theatre Command (ETC) ground forces, their major assault force against Taiwan and possibly Japan.
More details with Google Maps link in the last tweet of this thread.

#orbat
1/n
ETC has 3 Group Armies (GA), 71st, 72nd and 73rd. Each has 6 Combined Arms Brigades (CAB) with the usual supporting units.

71st CABs: 3 Heavy, 1 Medium, 1 Light, 1 Unclear (160th)

72nd CABs: 2 Heavy, 1 Medium, 1 Light, 1 Amphibious, 1 Unclear (124th)

2/n Tanks belonging to Eastern Theater Command being transported
73rd CABs: 2 Heavy, 1 Medium, 1 Light, 2 Unclear (14th, 145th)

The borders are maritime and patrolled by 301st, 302nd, 303rd and 304th BDRs with Boat units.

3/n Type-96 MBT belonging to 72nd Group Army, Eastern Theater Co
Read 6 tweets
Dec 22, 2022
Thread about Chinese Marine Corps (PLAMC). More information and map in last tweet.

It is seemingly the fastest expanding arm of PLA since the last 4-5 years. Till 2017, it was a poorly equipped force with 2 Brigades. Now there are 7, 2 each under Eastern, Northern and

1/n
Southern Theatre Navies and one under direct command of Marine Corps HQ. Total number of troops is around 40,000-50,000 right now and is expected to reach 1 lakh in 12-14 brigades. All Brigades have around 6000 troops except 7th Special Ops Brigade.

2/n
The new Marine brigades follow a Combined Arms structure like Army:

-3 Amphibious Combined Arms Battalions, one of them light.
-1 Battalion each of Air Assault, Artillery, Air Defence, Recon, Combat Support and Service Support.

#orbat
3/n
Read 5 tweets

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