Reminder that the *entire* point of Greek letter is precisely *because* anyone _can_ name a variant. That's how we end up with potentially inaccurate & discriminatory names.
If we/@WHO don't provide useful names for use, alternative names will start to appear. #CentaurusStrain
We got lucky in a way with the 'first level' BA's (BA.1-BA.5) because they're simple enough for everyone to use & repeat.
But Pango lineages by nature can sometimes be more unwieldy: like BA.2.75 (which isn't even so bad). People start using shorthand!
Yes, we can ask people *not* to make up their own names.
But all we can do is ask.
If we don't address *why* people are coming up with alternative names - because they need an easier, recognisable handle - we run the risk they'll do it anyway. 💁🏻♀️
The Greek Letter idea did this really well - provided 'neutral' names we could all use easily - scientists, media, & the public.
Personally, I think we're lucky that #Centaurus is a name in the same vein. We could have headlines going back to using geographical naming..
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The speed at which BA.4/5 has dominated in Europe & caused rising cases is remarkable - but it isn't surprising at this point.
Summer waves are entirely possible, & scientists have been watching BA.4/5 for quite a while. CoVariants.org/cases
The good news is that vaccines/previous infection still seems to provide good protection against serious outcomes (hospitalization, death) from BA.4/5
But, they have (yet again) increased immune evasion, meaning reinfection very possible, with mild-moderate disease course.
However, the rise in cases is being reflected, in many places, in a rise in hospitalizations. Mostly that's not causing too much strain, but it's worth monitoring.
The disruption is also being felt: people are out sick, causing some staff shortages.
At #MCIDdynamics/#HumanViruses conference:
- Everyone tested on arrival
- All masked (except speakers while speaking) in sessions
- All breaks/lunch/posters outside
- Sewage monitoring in the housing
The most comfortable I've been at a conference recently. Organizers take note!
Doing things outside is much easier in San Diego than, say Texas 🥵 (where I am now) or many places in Europe 🌧️.
But requesting tests, masking, & ventilation are things that can be done anywhere. With cases rising in many places, we deserve to make conferences safer for all.
In particular, poster sessions - historically crowded, hot, & full of people drinking & talking loudly - are worth a rethink. Can we move them outside? To a much, much larger room? Open all doors/windows? Space them out? Encourage masking?
Worth considering creative solutions!
After 2 long virtual years, *so happy* to be back at #UCSDdynamics Dynamics & Evolution of Human Viruses in person in beautiful San Diego! Brilliant sessions on everything from #HIV to #SARSCoV2 & many viruses in between, with fantastic global scientists & experts!
Opening the conference, @manonragonnet shows the relationship of drug & antibody treatment for #SARSCoV2 on the appearance of resistance mutations, as well as their ability to escape. These mutations are rare in the general pop; mostly assoc with treatment. #UCSDdynamics
@sarehchimeh gives an interesting talk on how & whether we can detect increased selection on surface-exposed areas of #HumanViruses - since these are exposed to the immune system, might we expect to see them evolving faster? #UCSDdynamics
These clades reflect deep diversity from years of circulation in the animal reservoir.
Additionally, we propose a placeholder name for the recent group which has likely been circulating in humans, hMPXV1.
Within that are further labels; the most recent outbreak clade is B.1
2/4
This wouldn't have happened w/o the leadership of @Tuliodna & @christian_happi, coordination w @WHO & @AfricaCDC & the Africa-based contributors: Ifedayo Adetifa, Placide Mbala, Richard Njouom, Emmanuel Nakoune, Anise Happi, Nnaemeka Ndodo, Oyeronke Ayansola, Gerald Mboowa.
3/4
A change in mutation rate? 40 mutations in 4 years? After SC2, these things sound really scary for #monkeypox. So why are scientists saying that there's a good chance these mutations aren't adaptive? How could we know?
A layman's follow-up on @richardneher's great thread.
40 mutations sounds like a lot - & it is more than we would expect from the slower-evolving #monkeypox. But the *type* & *location* of these mutations - which are very specific - gives us a hint about how they may have come to be. 🔍🤔
We have a lot of defences against viruses (many of which we've become familiar with recently!), but one that is less well-known is an in-built sabotage system to try and trip up viruses as they replicate.🕵️
One example of this is 'APOBEC', which you might be seeing around.
I'm going to keep repeating this until the world starts taking it seriously:
Without equitable global sequencing *all* of our pandemic preparedness is half-blind. We don't know what's circulating now, & we don't have eyes for the future.
Equitable👏 Global👏 Sequencing👏 Now👏
#Monkeypox is making many of us wish there were more sequences available. There's nothing wrong with that sentiment - more data = better understanding.
But this is another chance to reflect on *why* it might be that we don't have more data. And *how* we fix this in the future.
"[T]here’s no interest in working together with the country from which the cases are coming to try and understand it a little bit more,” Ihekweazu said.