This one found that the timing of calorie distribution (breakfast/dinner) may have no effect in total daily energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, improvements in weight loss, or measures of cardiometabolic risk, but it may affect hunger.
This is pretty cool, so...
- This was a 4-week randomized crossover isocaloric and eucaloric controlled feeding trial, comparing morning loaded (45%:35%:20% kcal at breakfast:lunch:dinner) versus evening loaded (20%:35%:45% kcal at breakfast:lunch:dinner) calorie intake.
Individual calorie intake was fixed, referenced to each individual’s measured RMR to assess the effect of meal timing under isoenergetic intake on weight loss and EE.
- The two isocaloric diets with the same composition, while differing in energy distribution, resulted in significant weight reduction at the end of each dietary intervention period.
- Weight loss showed a near-identical downward trend, with no difference in weight loss at the end of the 4 weeks, between the morning (−3.33 kg) and evening loaded diets (−3.38 kg).
- The morning loaded diet resulted in lower average daily hunger, desire to eat, prospective consumption, thirst, and composite appetite score.
- Although no differences were observed in fasting PYY, ghrelin, GIP, and GLP-1 between conditions, the 2 h postprandial ghrelin response was lower after the after the morning- compared to the evening-loaded breakfast...
...with PYY, GIP, and GLP-1 (satiety-enhancing GI hormones) also being higher.
While these data largely reflect the difference in meal size, they correspond with the subjective appetite responses of prolonged appetite suppression associated with morning loaded feeding.
- RMR was lower after both weight-loss diets compared to baseline, corresponding with a lower body weight, with no differences between conditions.
- Weight loss resulted in lower mean daily glucose, incremental and absolute area under the curve, maximum glucose levels, and daily glucose variability.
- Interestingly, when the CGM data were analyzed and defined by diet and clock time as distinct 4 h time blocks, only a higher postprandial rise in interstitial glucose for the evening loaded diet, between 8PM and 12PM was observed.
This reflects the greater meal size (and glycemic load) with the larger dinner meal, but interestingly, there was no reciprocal statistical difference in the morning period when a large breakfast was consumed.
- Reduced glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were observed following both calorie restriction diets, irrespective of condition.
- Similarly, compared to baseline both diets resulted in significant yet comparable reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides.
- There were no mealtime effects on metabolic parameters, and all significant effects appeared to relate to weight loss.
- "It is possible that the benefit of weight loss outweighed any differences arising from calorie distribution or that evening meals were not large or late enough to cause the negative impacts seen in other studies."
- "Our study disproves earlier studies that infer time-of-day calorie intake may influence energy balance through metabolic adaptation and instead implies that changes in appetite may be involved in improving weight loss with ML EI."
- "Although our study controlled calorie intake, the greater satiety and lower hunger on the ML diet may contribute to behavioral changes (reduced calorie intake later in the day), which would support greater weight loss."
Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity (open access)

doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet…

#nutrition #diet #weightloss #appetite

• • •

Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to force a refresh
 

Keep Current with Nick Krontiris

Nick Krontiris Profile picture

Stay in touch and get notified when new unrolls are available from this author!

Read all threads

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

PDF

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

how to unroll video
  1. Follow @ThreadReaderApp to mention us!

  2. From a Twitter thread mention us with a keyword "unroll"
@threadreaderapp unroll

Practice here first or read more on our help page!

More from @nick_krontiris

Sep 10
This one found average and slow walking pace to be associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes, independent of major confounding factors with these associations even being consistent across different physical activity levels and walking time. ImageImageImageImage
- Compared with brisk walking, average and slow walking paces were associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in both men and women, independent of sociodemographic factors, diet, adiposity, and physical activity level.
- Among people with average and slow walking paces, high levels of physical activity did not attenuate the excess type 2 diabetes risk attributable to slow walking pace.
Read 5 tweets
Sep 10
Using data from 3095 people living in Sweden, this one identified the most relevant predictors of 18-year mortality in individuals aged ≥60 years. ImageImage
- Individuals’ social connections and civil status were identified as meaningful predictors of mortality, as well as socio-environmental characteristics such as living conditions, civil status, and leisure activities.
- Physical function also had a strong prognostic role, as the functional status domain, encompassing several measures of physical performance and dependency, was the only single domain that showed comparable predictive performance to chronological age.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 10
Here, objectively-measured moderate and vigorous physical activity were found to be associated with lower risk of affective disorders, including depression and anxiety. ImageImageImage
- A higher level of physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders up to 500 min of moderate and 120 min of vigorous physical activity per week.
- At an equivalent amount of time, vigorous physical activity was associated with lower risk of affective disorders than moderate physical activity.
Read 9 tweets
Sep 10
Here, any intensity of physical activity was associated with a decrease in total cholesterol, with higher MVPA being associated with reduced SBP, whereas higher LIPA being associated with decreased measures of adiposity, in individuals with coronary heart disease. Image
- 72 participants (predominantly males) with a mean age of 64 years were recruited to this 12-month observational study.
- Participants were included if they had stable CHD and were receiving optimal medical treatment ± revascularisation.
Read 10 tweets
Sep 10
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that exercise combined with a high protein intake is more likely to preserve fat-free mass than exercise alone during weight loss in adults with overweight or obesity, regardless of the weight loss approach used. ImageImage
- The study's aim was to investigate the effect of exercise training, protein, calcium, and vitamin D supplementation on the preservation of fat-free mass during non-surgical and surgical weight loss and of the combination of all interventions together in adults with obesity.
- Exercise Training + High Protein intervention was superior in every comparison and independent of the outcome and type of induced weight loss.
Read 12 tweets
Sep 10
This one found cardiorespiratory fitness to be associated with small, but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors, but with men and women showing some differences in those benefits.
- Greater VO2peak was associated with small but beneficial changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics in adults without CVD risk factors.
These included greater MCA conductance and pulsatile damping, and lower large artery stiffness, forward wave energy, and mean arterial pressure in the combined sample of males and females, with sex-specific associations in large artery stiffness and carotid pulse pressure.
Read 17 tweets

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Support us! We are indie developers!


This site is made by just two indie developers on a laptop doing marketing, support and development! Read more about the story.

Become a Premium Member ($3/month or $30/year) and get exclusive features!

Become Premium

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Make a small donation by buying us coffee ($5) or help with server cost ($10)

Donate via Paypal

Or Donate anonymously using crypto!

Ethereum

0xfe58350B80634f60Fa6Dc149a72b4DFbc17D341E copy

Bitcoin

3ATGMxNzCUFzxpMCHL5sWSt4DVtS8UqXpi copy

Thank you for your support!

Follow Us on Twitter!

:(