How can 75 g glucose (3 times more) not increase glucose more than 25 g?
(3/8)
The more glucose ingested, the higher the rate of appearance of glucose into the blood.
So something must be happening to offset this.
It could be less glucose appearing from stored carbs the liver (& kidneys),
or more glucose disappearing into tissues (e.g., muscle)...
(4/8)
There were no meaningful differences in endogenous glucose production.
(glucose appearing mainly from the liver)
(5/8)
But insulin showed a clear dose-response to increased glucose intake, so why was liver glucose output largely similar?
Liver glucose output is maximally suppressed at relatively low concentrations of insulin.
What about rates of disappearance (mainly into muscle)?
(6/8)
Increased disappearance rates (mainly into muscle) explain how 75 g glucose can produce a similar blood glucose response to 25 g of glucose by offsetting appearance rate.
Because rates of disappearance show almost a linear dose-response to insulin in a physiological range
(7/8)
In summary:
Circulating glucose concentrations do not necessarily reflect the amount of carbs that have just been eaten.
Nor do they necessarily reflect the rate of carbohydrate digestion-absorption into the circulation.
Concentrations reflect the net balance of kinetics
(8/8)
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For context, the relationship between LDL-cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease risk appears linear across the entire physiological range
If mice 🐁 are calorie restricted 🍽️ for a prolonged period of time (provided 30% fewer calories than they would choose to eat normally at baseline), what will happen to DNL?
2/8
The Q is a bit vague to have a clear A, as it depends if we are talking about DNL in liver, adipose tissue, or the whole body.
Before we delve into those areas, its worth noting that mice do lose weight when restricting calories by 30%