Happy #IndigenousPeoplesDay! "Conservative" advocates before the Supreme Court are challenging federal Indian law as unconstitutional. Friendly reminder that #originalism means #landback. It means Native people get Louisiana and everything west. 1/

justsecurity.org/83460/on-indig…
The framing generation never envisioned treaty or territory powers able to incorporate huge new swathes of land and peoples. Only those peoples in the map consented to and ratified the constitution. Want to stretch the US from sea to shining sea? Amend the Constitution. 2/
No amendment? Then #originalism means that we cannot constitutionally hold those lands or peoples as part of the United States. Not just that, but Hawai'i, Alaska, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, &c. All gone. This isn't realistic, you say. 3/
Then, let us at least then envision a constitutionalism that allows us to repair our status as empire and to ultimately transcend it. Our Constitution was stretched to incorporate all of those lands and people. At the very least, it should have the power to mitigate injustice. 4/
Our Constitution shouldn't reap injustice by holding the laws that mitigate American colonialism as unconstitutional--as the Court may hold in #Brackeen. That said, we can always do more. We can build a constitutional culture that recognizes and mitigates American colonialism.
Quite a few folks have responded that an #originalist argument against US territorial acquisition is baseless and nonsensical. To that, please don't blame me; blame Thomas Jefferson (and John Adams, &c.):
Hello again, you all might think Thomas Jefferson and John Adams were ridiculous. You all might read the plain text of the Constitution differently--especially when you read it in a world of changed circumstances. But that *isn't #originalism* that is #livingconstitutionalism.

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More from @MaggieBlackhawk

Aug 23
Proudest announcement: Ned Blackhawk's The Rediscovery of America: Native Peoples and the Unmaking of U.S. History is coming to book stores March 2023! #twitterstorians

In a transformative synthesis, Blackhawk interweaves five centuries of Native and non-Native histories to show ImageImage
that European colonization in the 1600s was never a predetermined success; that Native nations helped shape England’s crisis of empire; that the first shots of the American Revolution were prompted by Indian affairs in the interior;
that California Indians targeted by federally-funded militias were among the first casualties of the Civil War, that the Union victory forever recalibrated Native communities across the West, and that twentieth-century reservation activists refashioned American law and policy.
Read 6 tweets
Aug 22
This brief would not exist, but for work by historians to bring these issues to light: Margaret Jacobs and Karen Tani @kmtani first among them. Amanda White Eagle @AmandaRockman and Julius Chen of @akin_gump brought the brief to fruition. Students, though, were the engine. 1/
Law students at @nyulaw, @YaleLawSch, and @StanfordLaw researched tirelessly for months on this brief, alongside history students from @Yale. We are grateful to them for their brilliance and diligence. We also had the support of faculty, including @johnrebird and @mega_flavor.
For research support, NYU Law librarians Christine Park and Alex Burnett were integral, as were the #twitterstorians here, to whom I've turned on a number of occasions. Thank you for this kind and generous community.
Read 4 tweets
Aug 22
#SCOTUS could shake the foundations of Indian law this term in Brackeen, a constitutional challenge to the Indian Child Welfare Act. Honored to file a brief on behalf of @The_OAH and @AHAHistorians. This is the first time either organization has filed in an Indian law case. 1/
Native children have never been the province of the states. ICWA was simply a continuation of 200 years of federal policy over Native children. When the federal government tried to convince states to assume jurisdiction over Native children in the mid-20th c., states refused. 2/
State governments refused jurisdiction over Native families because they were poor and it could not raise revenues from them. Natives were the responsibility of federal and tribal governments, states argued, and they refused to support Native families with state welfare. 3/
Read 9 tweets
Jun 29
On a "Castro-Huerta Fix": Please call your member of Congress and ask for a "Castro-Huerta Fix." No bill number yet. Although, there is draft bill language in #SCOTUS dissent. But, don't forget, Congress could go farther: strip jurisdiction, clarify tribal sov. vis-a-vis states..
Importantly, to objections based on the current partisan composition of the Congress: Indian law is not a simple partisan issue and it is hard to predict (just look at the dissent's author!). More, states won't want this unfunded mandate and many already rejected it.
The Supreme Court overrode the wishes of both blue and red states alike. Iowa, for example, just repealed its jurisdiction over crimes by and against Native people on a reservation in its borders. The Supreme Court unilaterally overrode state representatives and their citizens.
Read 4 tweets
Jun 29
Against hundreds of years of congressional action, against solid #SCOTUS precedent, and hundreds of years of history, the Supreme Court held today that states have jurisdiction over certain crimes in Indian Country by judicial fiat. A devastating result for our democracy. Image
There is little to say here other than the fact that our Supreme Court has become a superlegislature. Precedent, statutes, separation of powers, reason, the rule of law, these things all mean nothing.
So what can we do? Unlike #Dobbs, Congress can undo #SCOTUS without any constitutional difficulty. We can send the Supreme Court a message TODAY that its decision to take over all branches of our government will not succeed. With a single statute, Congress can "fix" this result.
Read 5 tweets
Jun 28
Clarification: "subconstitutional frameworks" does not mean that Native nations are like states. I've written fervently to the contrary! Native advocacy forced the US to recognize Native sovereignty and make law collaboratively by treaty. Native people shaped the US Constitution.
We can presume that Native people didn't intend these results, but why strip Native people of political agency? There is wonderful recent Native history offering these tactics as intentional (incl. by the Haudenosaunee): academic.oup.com/jah/article-ab…
Why not approach Native advocacy and political theory with the richness it deserves? It is true that courts (state and federal) were a central focus for other movements while Native people focused on sovereignty and treaty law.
Read 5 tweets

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