Lazarus Long Profile picture
Nov 23, 2022 75 tweets 55 min read Read on X
Rolling down the West Coast.

WinCo, Beaverton, Oregon (suburb of Portland).

2.7% air is rebreathed. Insane in here. Insane to be in here.

MAYBE 3% in masks. Maybe.

Gobble, gobble. ImageImageImageImage
Cannon Beach, Oregon.

Insane NOT to be here.

495, and no one around. Suspect I have to recalibrate.

Wearing an N95. Because my face is FREEZING! ImageImage
Lots of folks having family, COVID safe Thanksgivings. At the beach. ImageImageImageImage
Shove towels under the door. Crank that window, and wait until the room is perfectly aranetted.

Which means to air out a room until it hits the outside CO2 ppm.

"I can't wait to aranet and crash "
"Do you want to argue about what kind of take-out until the room has aranetted?" Image
I waited until the crowd had left before getting take-out and eating outdoors.

Restaurant was crazy busy inside. And the air crazy free of COVID outside. ImageImage
Cannon Beach, Oregon as I get ready to head south.

Front door open on the marketplace, very few folks inside. Low CO2 ImageImageImage
Cannon Beach Gallery. Door open. Excellent C02. ImageImageImage
Rockaway Beach, Oregon.

Grumpy's Cafe & Bakery must have very bad ventilation, I assume, from the general grumpiness and skeletons.

And turkey in a bathtub, next to the skeleton dancing on a telephone pole like it's a stripper pole.

Strange things afoot.... ImageImage
Strange things afoot in Rockaway Beach, Oregon.

The towns people are a particularly surly lot.

Hustling to move out of this swirling CO2 Bermuda Triangle, a falcon with a fish, crosses over the road, affixing a baleful eye on me.

Go in peace, Falcon Man, go in peace. Image
They wait, hidden in the beauty.

For the unsuspecting. Image
Meg's Beachwood Bar & Cafe,
6425 Pacific Ave, Cloverdale, OR 97112

1000 ppm CO2 with just 2 bartenders, a lounge singer (playing piano in vid), and me in the 3MCool Flow Respirator.

Freezing, so sat next to the infrared quartz fake fireplace.

If it was propane? Easily could twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
have been the source of the CO2.

Both employees were flushed and tense when I went in, so suspect a yelling match.

Bonus:
One had the ole Covid cough.

COVID in a bar? Also called the Devil's Punch Bowl.

Which I also stopped by.

Now? Sprung for a motel with no shared HVAC. twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Image
Has own door, and I am running the bathroom nonstop to make sure that even if it shares a stack?

No backflow will happen. I used the old tissue check to confirm.

Some shots from along the way, below.

(Food from Meg's was amazing and I took it to go. The tots were dandy.) ImageImage
Newport Bay, Oregon. Stopped off at the Pirates Plunder, after seeing a beautiful marina and waterfront.

Antique malls typically have pretty bad ventilation. ImageImageImage
It got up to 1040...which is not bad for these places.

But my bigger concern would be the cramped aisles with the little cubbies. Those cubbies, like plexiglass, would act as little dead zones of concentrated aerosols.

Fun store - if you are in an N95 or better. ImageImageImageImage
Yaquina Lighthouse Interpretive Center, Newport, Oregon. Bathroom up to 900.

The rest? Someone has been upgrading the HVAC. Damn good, @BLMOregon. Wow.

They also had HEPAs everywhere They don't clean CO2, so those 500 readings are just amazing.

Wow. Just impressed. ImageImageImageImage
Tight trails, I thought, to see Quarry Cove, so had N95 on. Some yutz gave me the stink eye.

Gave it right back because I'm a member of the big ole boy club.

Jump in the car and random Longhauler conversation on NPR.

Affirmations and confirmations are out there. Clean air. twitter.com/i/web/status/1…
Sea Lions Cave Gift Shop, Florence, OR.

1241 CO2.

No one with masks on - a lot of Indians in here (I've off-shored off enough departments to India to recognize the language at least.).

Plexiglass surrounding the cashier's station.

Below is the Heceta Lighthouse. ImageImageImageImage
The sun set on the nice weather.

Camping out deep in the woods, using the app iOverlander amongst others to spot free camping if possible. ImageImageImageImage
Woke up to rain, which should see me out of Oregon. Very grateful for the two beautiful days I had.

Getting breakfast at Dishner's Fine Dining in North Bend.

Hit above 1000 ppm while waiting for my take-out Avocado, Bacon, and Cheese omelet.

The "Leaven No Trace" sign-funny. ImageImageImageImage
This Chinese CDC study on rock solid evidence of outdoor transmission is now effectively changing my behavior to be even more protective of my lungs.

Picture from yesterday. A tree's shape reminds me of lungs.

No time to search for a study to confirm, but I'm sure the shape of both is similar for functional reasons...thus evolutionarily optimal. Image
Empire Donuts & Dawgs. Coos Bay, Oregon...523 ppm CO2.

Had to stop because where else can you get a doughnut AND a hot dog?

Is this where their empire starts?

Doughnuts were pretty doggone good, I have to say. ImageImage
#NovidROADtrip-. Passing on CO2 measurements and airborne disease transmission prevention tips on a very practical level.

Walking the walk.

Reached Brookings, Oregon. Blue Coast Inn, just north of CA border.

Check in to motel room with no shared air? ✅

Preferably single ImageImageImageImage
story so no shared ventilation stack (bathroom fecal aerosol transmission)? ✅

While wearing N95, checked in and opened room up to vent out until CO2 matches outdoor CO2 and another 15 minutes to be sure? (I turn bathroom fan on to expedite the process.) ✅ 👇 ImageImageImageImage
Motel room has its own door? ✅

Ruminate on the fact that the ARANET4 CO2 monitor also reminds of us of how much CO20 is already in the atmosphere? ✅

Ponder how big insects and aliens will get again in the future as the Earth warms? (No, but a fun thought.) ImageImageImageImage
The #NovidROADtrip tour continues. Last interpretive center in Oregon before CA. Oregon's ventilation in these centers is top notch. In the 500s.... ImageImageImageImage
The #NovidROADtrip tour continues.

Checking out the Stout Grove, in the Jedidiah Smith Redwood State Park.

Trails get pretty narrow so wore my N95.

Taking lots of pictures, but scale is hard to show with these huge trees.

Turns out the N95 makes a fine scale tool. ImageImageImageImage
In this first pic below? Look up.

I have to confess that I was cracking myself up climbing all over these huge trees, and putting the N95. Donning protocol:

✅ Yellow straps could not be visible.
✅ Had to look at plausible as possible. (Hee hee ...so silly of me). ImageImageImageImage
The #NovidROADtrip tour continues.

Got soaked yesterday, so needed to hole up and do laundry. Cheap motels are booked as everyone else is in the same predicament.

So, this hotel - which is actually a motel with every room having it's own door. No corridor shared air! ImageImageImageImage
Complementary breakfast with excellent CO2. But I just do not like inhaling shared air while inhaling my complementary Chex, OJ (like drinking Caviar at its prices), biscuits and gravy. ImageImage
The #NovidROADtrip tour continues.

Hitting the Drury Chaney Groves trail. Trails are narrow.

Wind? None. 46 degree F.

Yep, wearing the ole @3M 8311, available at every @Lowes.

Walk past a few folks, felt their air.

Too cautious? I can't evade their aerosols as well ImageImage
as the latest variants can evade the vaccines (decreased efficiency), or evade ALL MAbs including bebtelovimab.

Every day delayed is a day closer to a cure for LongCoVid.

You get LongCoVid? It doesn't come with a Fast Car from Tracy Chapman.

It comes with.

Loneliness. Pain. Image
It comes with loneliness, because those with chronic diseases? Have a long history of being left.
At the Redwood Gifts Redcrest Resort, a 708 ppm CO2 does not seem bad. Till you realize that was just the owner and myself in there...and whomever was in there before I walked in. ImageImage
#NovidROADtrip- had a pleasant chat with a fellow traveller from Washington. Let's call her, Clara.

Clara, like most of America, is stuck climbing the Sisyphean hill that is the @CDCgov Confusion Hill

She is eating in restaurants, and thinks COVID is over.

She mourns the Image
loss of her COVID careful friends, and even the fact that most places in small town America continue to have shortened hours.

She can't go get a cocktail after work, anymore.

Of course, the real story? Her COVID careful friends know it's ongoing.

More Americans than not,
know it's ongoing. Thus the shortened hours? Caused by a lack of customers (staying at home), and employees (LongCoVid).

Know what businesses hate more than anything? Confusion.

Biden will be reaping what he has sown. And making cake from it.

One more thing Clara shared.

She lost her 63 year old best friend best friend on August 20th. He was hanging with her at her house and all of a sudden pitched to the right and over her deck's fence.

He landed on his neck, 12 feet down. Despite them doing CPR, he never Image
regained consciousness.

I gently asked if they thought he had a heart attack or cardiac event, and she softly said yes.

She is not COVID careful, so chances are this was a COVID event.

Fortunately, the @CDCgov is looking into this and will let us know if we should go out Image
of our way to avoid Covid.

These things take time since 2 years have come and gone since the CDC started looking into this.

They'll let us know, right?

They'll let Clara know, right? Image
#NovidROADTrip. Got a burger at a small casino near Point Arena Stornetta Nat. Monument (also camped in their parking lot, using iOverlander to find free spots).

Amazingly low CO2....but I never eat inside, so ate in the car. twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Image
This morning, down at the Pt. Arena Pier for breakfast. My first Avocado Toast! Anyone who makes fun of that should be mocked for at least 15 minutes.

As should those who mock us for being COVID Conservatives.

For in reality, do we not actually walk that damn walk? Image
We don't want to waste our money on hospitals.

We don't want to waste our lives being sick, when we could be spending them enjoying the outdoors. The hunter - the conservative.

The pic above - the fisherman? Conservative.

The farmer? Conservative. ImageImageImage
So, although the cafe was deserted with excellent CO2?

I still didn't know if the barista would suddenly cough (18 feet), sneeze (27 feet) - both which can be autonomic and out of our control.

Like a good COVID Conservative. And good things come - like a very happy random dog! ImageImageImageImage
#NovidRoadTrip. This will be controversial, but so be it.

I am in Bodega Bay,where Alfred Hitchcock shot part of "The Birds."

Obviously, only non-flying birds like emu's need be feared (disembowel you with one kick).

But other flying/floating things like aerosols ImageImage
can cause you horrendous GI issues.

Such as with COVID.

I always carry an N95 with me.

And yanked it on before I walked up to the people on the trail below. They gave me a look, but I'd rather get a look, than have them give me Covid. ImageImageImageImage
Point Reyes! Home of the Bovine Bakery and Palace Market with excellent CO2, and every single employee in KN95s - and a surprising KF94.

Also, a killer public phone booth, and a thrift shop with an awareness of ventilation?

No wonder Monica Gandhi is so comfortable advocating ImageImageImageImage
for demasking.

Marin County, like Newton, MA, has busted out the ventilation awareness.

Impressive...much like the National Monument, itself. As impressively beautiful as the fog in Sonoma County. ImageImageImage
The Point Reyes Visitor Center has low CO2, impressive air volume, and a HEPA, Medify Air MA-112.

Not a recommendation, but here it is:
medifyair.com/products/ma-112

As always, cleanairstars.com to make your air cleaning recommendations. ImageImageImageImage
At Sausalito, across the water from San Francisco, at Target, doing an informal survey.

2 out of 35 had any kind of face covering on.

Evidently, Covid stops at the Golden Gate Bridge.

(Just a little bit of snark, because just up the road at Point Reyes? Employees in respies.) Image
Every big city seems to have a Mission Street. Cruised up there and parked and just listened.

The coughs were impressively deep - and loud.

The well-to-do get infected less, but when they do, cough in the comfort of the home.

Same as it ever was....

#NovidRoadTrip - what makes this possible besides an ARANET4, N95S, N100s?

A 2007 Honda CRV with one rear seat removed and a small sleeping platform built-in. Top cargo carrier for things rarely accessed. Rear cargo carrier for cooking gear.

Reflectix blinds cut 4 windows. ImageImageImage
7 gallon water container for water.
Pop-up privacy shelter and pop-up toilet.
Cooking gear and a 7 day cooler.

Only stay at motels with outward-facing doors.

Because I am using the app iOverlander to find free camping spots? Gas and food are my primary costs.

If it is ImageImageImage
raining? Take-out!

Finally, the knowledge that #COVIDisAirborne - and the simple knowledge that comes from needed to travel safely.

(The picture below was fascinating to me to see such a deep crevasse lined with pampas grass.) Image
#NovidRoadTrip....Davenport Bluff yields an amazing tableau after walking along a skeeeeetchy "I'm gonna die, worth it cause beautiful" cliff path.

Across the street the bakery has amazingly low CO2. twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Image
After determining how many blue berry muffins and Chihuahuas are there?

484 on the ole CO2 Richter scale.

Why? Two front doors open, and the rear door open with the constant ocean breeze pushing air through the restaurant.

The ONLY employee with no mask on? The chef.... ImageImageImageImage
Which is ironic given that BY DESIGN, restaurants have air flowing from the front of the house to the back.

And cooks have some of the most Covid dangerous jobs.

And it does not have to be this way.

Hong Kong mandated 6 ACH for all restaurants.

King County in Washington had their Air Investigators hand out free HEPAs.

#NovidRoadTrip - While waiting to see if @Costco will make their pro-infection policy a little less @friendlycovid19, and a little more friendly to those of who are #immunocompromised or have #LongCovid.

I don't, but if you have it, getting Covid will

lay you out flat - again.

And hey...that's only 30% of the 100 million Americans, @Costco - but who's counting?

Anyway, tonight I'm in Santa Cruz.

Not really wanting to cook, so in my handy N95,I find Charlie Hong Kong.

With an order and pickup window. Outside ImageImageImage
(side-eye @Costco.....).lp

Before I got to Charlie's though?

$20 for a shower pass @24hourfitness.

I was there about 6:30 pm, so was expecting worse CO2 at 1017 ppm - when I first walked in, while holding my breath.

So, that 1.5% of the air being sucked in that humid locker ImageImageImage
room? Was air straight from others lungs.

Not mine.

N95? You damn well know it!

My lungs are a CoVid-free zone. And boom shock-a-locka comes the @readimask. The only N95 that I would trust with haircuts or showers.

It keeps my lungs as beautiful as the murals here! ImageImageImageImage
#NovidRoadTrip

@k_macC_ - thank you for the Gayle's Bakery recommendation in Santa Cruz!

The Ham & Cheese Croissant was amazing.

As was the lack of masking. Wow!

While the CO2 was low at 743, that will not matter with the near field aerosols.

There were so many people ImageImageImage
coming and going, there was no way I'd eat even on the cute benches outside.

The C02 in the attached tent structure? Worse than the building itself.

Now, that could be if that fire was propane..... ImageImage
At @Vervecoffee getting a cup of coffee before scooting down to Monterey to pick up an Amazon shipment.

Oof. 1272 ppm CO2 (2.2% of each breath just in your neighbors' Covid lungs) thanks to 50 people yolo'ing. (@k_macC_).

A shame. Two huge opposing doors could be open. ImageImageImageImage
#NovidRoadTrip

After a quick take-out "Bacado" omelet from Monterey's First Awakenings, where the CO2 hit 831 ppm, eaten down at the waterfront. twitter.com/i/web/status/1… Image
It was time for the Monterey Bay Aquarium.

This one I was in the GVS, P100. Because people get UP CLOSE in aquariums.

Did you know that turtles have ACE2? They were thought to maybe be an intermediate host.

pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.10… Image
In November 2021, the Aquarium gave the sea otters vaccines.

thedailybeast.com/monterey-bay-a…

But the variants are now immunoevasive. When I watched the feeding, I did not see N95s - ahem @MontereyAq.

If you look at the CO2 inside at 710 ppm? Not bad, but not consistent. Image
A crowd of people had just been in this area...it went up to 2570, but I snapped the shot at 2013. Image
But the CO2 was all over the place.

As were the unmasked. And the sound of tiny coughs from some of the children, most of the toddlers and every single baby.

Hacking guys pushing in next to me, behind me, in front of me. ImageImageImage
Completely worth the $49.95.

Today.

But like their "Real-Cost Cafe" points out. That bluefish tuna is tasty today, but at what cost?

In the cafe, a CO2 ppm of 921, placed ironically by me above the hand sanitizer.

No sign asking people to mask up. Image
At what cost are we just letting Covid rip?

At what cost is the aquarium not requiring masks?

What are a few sea otters or sea turtles?

Just like people, we have more, right?

Right?
Best coffee in Monterey, CA is Captain Stoker per the Googs. Kudos to the partially opened garage door and front door to get that lovely sea air diluting.

636 CO2 ppm, but man, it was packed. ImageImageImageImage
Ugh. Turns out the owner is one of Panantir's Thiel's right-hand men.

My coffee just curdled.

montereycountyweekly.com/news/cover/for… ImageImage
#NovidRoadTrip

Big Sur Lodge - little store attached next to it had amazing ventilation 506 ppm CO2.

And a very interested, yet confused, cashier.

"That measures the same CO2 as with climate change?"

"Wait, why hasn't the CDC told us about reinfections are worse?"

"It's ImageImageImageImage

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More from @LazarusLong13

Jan 28
This may be the biggest news of the decade. Completely overshadowed by shenanigans in the White House.

It looks like H5N1 reinfections are entirely possible. This means that our farms are going to be a never-ending circulating pump of H5N1.

This. Is. Not. Good.

/1 But reinfections suggest that the virus, called H5N1, could circulate on farms indefinitely, finding opportunities to evolve into a more dangerous form — a “high-risk” scenario, said Louise Moncla, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Pennsylvania. “You could easily end up with endemically circulating H5 in dairy herds without symptoms, obscuring rapid or easy detection,” Dr. Moncla said.
How long can our luck go on?

We now have Bobcats with the one mutation that we really don't want to see.

The PB2 E627K mutation.

"The PB2 E627K mutation is a dominant adaptation marker in most human-adapted influenza A viruses. " PB2 E627K is a mutation in the PB2 gene of the influenza A virus that changes the amino acid glutamic acid (Glu) to lysine (Lys) at position 627. This mutation helps the virus replicate more efficiently in mammalian cells.  How it affects the virus Replication: The PB2 E627K mutation helps the virus replicate more efficiently in mammalian cells.  Disease severity: The PB2 E627K mutation can cause more severe disease in mammals.  Temperature: The PB2 E627K mutation helps the virus replicate in the lower temperatures of the upper respiratory tract of mammals.  How it affects humans Human-adap...
Read 7 tweets
Jan 14
If you are taking public transport like in NYC? Mask up.

Pretty cool Master's Thesis for Biology - on bioaerosols like SARS-COV-2.

Set up a prototype aerosol sampler?

And find it in 52.9% of the samples in Beijing Railway Station and 44.4% at Beijing Subway Station.

/1 The subway station selected for this experiment was Xidan Subway Station, a major subway station on Lines 1 and 2 in Beijing and serves as an important subway transit hub. The passenger flow of the station is expected to be around 7,000 – 12,000 during rush hours and less than 7,000 during non rush-hours. A total of 27 samples have been collected, with the first 10 collected around 9-10am in the morning or 3-4pm in the afternoon, which is considered non-rush hour and 17 collected during the rush hour period. Sampling was collected for 17 weeks in total, not necessarily consecutively taking ...
Bioaerosol Sampling in the Exit Area of Beijing Railway Station.  BC500 was placed near the exit area of the Beijing Railway Station where passenger flow is expected to be the largest. Beijing Railway Station is one of the oldest train stations in Beijing with a large passenger flow that is around 60,000 passengers per day. The bioaerosol sampling device in this scenario is placed at the exit area of the train station, where passenger flow is relatively higher, ensuring better chances of sample collection. However, passenger flow, unlike the subway station is not divided into rush / non-rus...
Never mind this.

"Firstly, the high positive rate highlights the potential for airborne transmission of these viruses in crowded public areas"

Definitely do not flag this to anyone in a big city looking to ban masks.

Definitely do not do that with this new study. The findings of the experiments conducted in this thesis indicate that viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are not only present but also potentially widespread in these public spaces, which has several important implications. Firstly, the high positive rate highlights the potential for airborne transmission of these viruses in crowded public areas. This is consistent with existing literature that suggests densely populated environments with limited ventilation can facilitate the spread of respiratory viruses. The detection of multiple pathogens reinforces the importance of considerin...
Yes, nothing to see here.....

At Beijing Railway Station, positive samples were
52.9% SARS-CoV-2
47.1% Flu A
23.5% Flu B.

At Xidan Subway Station, positive samples were
44.4% SARS-CoV-2
18.5% Flu A
7.4% Flu B At Beijing Railway Station, 52.9% of samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 47.1% for influenza A, and 23.5% for influenza B. Additionally, 29.4% of the samples were positive for two pathogens, and 11.8% were positive for all three pathogens. The total percentage of negative samples at this location was 29.4%. At Xidan Subway Station, 44.4% of the samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 18.5% for influenza A, and 7.4% for influenza B. Moreover, 18.5% of the samples were positive for two pathogens, with no samples testing positive for all three pathogens. The total rate of negative samples ...
Image
Read 5 tweets
Dec 31, 2024
Sara Anne Willette's visualization tool - is not a list. It is a visual representation of a group of accounts, so that she can remove herself from them.

It uses only publicly facing data, available per the X TOS, and the API, not scraping.

IT WILL NOT EFFECT YOU AT ALL. Image
Image
There are some accounts 👇 and their followers that SHE JUST WANTS NOTHING TO DO WITH.

It is her choice to remove herself from any account she wants.

The actual data?

✔️ account creation date
✔️ the username of the account,
✔️ who they follow.

All obtained legally per TOS. The list.  Ooo so scary.  You all are acting like high school kids.
Describes user name
The LOCATION that you saw in the blurry used to get you all fired up!?

Picked up from the front page of the profile, but NOT USED.

I live in Temporarily Enabled, USA - but it is not my physical location.

That's it.

Some additional thoughts, from me, not Sara. Not using location
Read 18 tweets
Dec 23, 2024
Ozone. A pollutant no matter where it is - outdoors or indoors.

#DYK that indoor inhalation is 25% to 60% of total intake? Per Weschler?

iaqscience.lbl.gov/increases-ozone

#DYK that MOST indoor ozone comes from OUTDOORS? Per Weschler?

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC16…

Truly worried?

🧵 Accounting for the differences between indoor and outdoor air ozone concentrations, Weschler [6] has estimated that indoor exposures to ozone are typically 45% to 75% of total exposures. Because breathing rates are lower when people are indoors, the indoor inhalation intake of ozone is typically 25% to 60% of total ozone intake. These estimates may be low for the population most affected by ozone—infants, the elderly, and those with respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, if there is no threshold concentration for the health effects of ozone, or if the threshold is low, roughl...
Although there are indoor sources of ozone, in most buildings indoor ozone has been transported from outdoors (Weschler 2000). Indoor ozone concentrations track outdoor concentrations with a slight time lag that depends on the air exchange rate. Ozone is removed by indoor surfaces as well as by gas-phase reactions, and hence, indoor concentrations tend to be smaller than co-occurring outdoor levels.
If you are TRULY worried, you should be focused on eliminating ozone, right?

You would be slipping into people's threads and sharing these cheap DIY activated carbon builds, right?

Because if you are TRULY concerned about ozone, you would not be slipping into threads of people showing pictures of their new FAR-UVC Torches - for any other reason, but to share the good word that the miniscule ozone generated could be eliminated.

VIRUS and OZONE free air.
Read 8 tweets
Dec 21, 2024
ACH ACPH - Air Exchanges per Hour.

An important topic since way before 2020, but given fresh vigor with our collective interest in clean air. Not just disease free air, but VOC, PFA, microplastic, mold, UFP, PM 1, PM 2.5, etc.

The outside air will infiltrate inside.

🧵
That ☝️picture is not typical.

Typical ACH - there can be general estimates, but every house is different. You can determine your own, as shown by @jljcolorado with help 👇👇. Jump to the section shown 👇.

medium.com/@jjose_19945/h…

The estimator is here
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u… How to estimate the ventilation rate in practice
I am grateful for input and suggestions on this topic from Andy Persily, Shelly Miller, Dustin Poppendiek, Ty Newell, Rich Corsi, Bill Bahnfleth, and Jeff Siegel.
The thread about that article is here. Some excellent discussion on it by some very good scientists, including those Dr. Jimenez acknowledges. Those folks are also on Xitter.

Read 15 tweets
Dec 21, 2024
Ozone. FAR-UVC. GUV222.

New preprint.

Room with 1.3 ACH (1.3 h-1) (like your home).

1 lamp was good enough to disinfect room. Produced "negligible" ozone. -0.62 ±0.03 ppb

Even with 4x the needed strength? 6.98 ±0.24 ppb. -0.62 ±0.03
We refer to this room as “Room A.” Room A has no window, and is connected via a door to a large, open plan lounge area in the office suite. This Lounge space was used for baseline measurements. The door between Room A and the Lounge was closed during experiments. The air exchange rate in Room A was measured using the CO2 tracer method [33] with portable CO2 sensors (Aranet4) to be 1.3 h-1 (Supplementary Information). Room A and the lounge are carpeted. Room A is equipped with a conference table, a small wooden desk, and chairs. It also has room lighting and a wall-mounted computer monitor. ...
Tests with a single fixture used a Lumenlabs Lumenizer 300 (Lumenlabs, Shanghai, China) and tests with four fixtures used Lumenlabs Zone devices. Each of these fixtures contains three optically filtered KrCl bulbs with a peak emission wavelength of 222 nm. The optical output of a Lumenizer fixture is 55 mW and the optical output of a single Zone fixture is 190 mW. According to the manufacturer, each Lumenizer 300 fixture is capable of disinfecting a 4m x 4m room; therefore, a single Lumenizer 300 unit would be normally deployed for a room the size of Room A in this study. That is to say, th...
The conclusion? One lamp does not impact the air quality.

With 4 times OVERKILL.

Under 10 ppb. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA)? minor increases in particulate matter (16% increase particulate matter, 10 % increase in particle number count). We have observed the effects of far-UVC on indoor ozone and particulate matter under conditions of real-world application in a small conference room with low ventilation. We find that a single Lumenizer 300 far-UVC lamp, specified by the manufacturer to be sufficient for disinfection of the space, does not negatively impact indoor air quality through net generation of O3 or PM under the conditions of our experiment. Far-UVC may be a valuable component of a multilayer approach to reduce the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses, used in combination with ventilation and other interventi...
This was not Nukit's lamp.

But it was the same wavelength.



Context.... chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxi…The far-UVC average fluence used for the lower-intensity (single lamp) experiments in this study was 0.2 μW cm-2. According to the manufacturer, one lamp is recommended for disinfection of a room the size of Room A. The modelled average fluence and irradiance values are consistent with conditions observed by Eadie et al. in a chamber study to reduce airborne pathogens (S. aureus) by 92% or more [16]. Under these conditions, we did not measure significant changes in ozone level or particulate matter in Room A, despite the relatively low ventilation conditions in the room
Read 5 tweets

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