School Christmas Concerts and Increased Risk of Transmission

It is that time of year again for #concerts where #school gyms are packed with people, singing, dancing, and generating a lot of respiratory aerosols with likely poor ventilation. 🧵1/ Image of Christmas concert ...
Modern mechanical ventilation systems are no match for that kind of high occupancy over 90 minutes as you can see from how fast CO2 levels increased ( ). 2/
Most people will be unmasked which means an even higher number of unfiltered aerosols going into the air in a space that is not ventilated well enough with that many people. 3/
One person using a CO2 monitor borrowed from their public library measured levels during a recent concert to be 3376 ppm which is 7.8% rebreathed air ( ). 4/
Many people don't realize that 7.8% rebreathed air at 3376 ppm actually means breathing in 32.5 litres per hour of other people's breath, like pounding back 15 two litre bottles of pop but with everyone else's breath.🤮 A calculator is available here: docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d… 5/
With all the RSV, Flu and COVID circulating in the community and children's hospitals overflowing with patients, if you are going to choose to wear a mask somewhere, a school concert is that place. 6/
If you need a high quality mask but do not have access to them, you can request masks and rapid tests from here ( donatemask.ca ). 7/
One of the most important factors for an effective mask is proper fit on your face. This thread compares different types of masks with different levels of fit ( ). 8/
If you want to learn *how* masks/respirators block viruses much smaller than the size of the holes in the filter material and why you can still smell nasty things while wearing effective masks you can find the explanations here ( ). 9/
If you are interested in borrowing a CO2 monitor to check the ventilation in the spaces you visit, you can find a map of libraries that are lending here ( cavico2.com/map-of-librari… ). 10/
Are you looking to buy a respirator, elastomeric or even a CO2 monitor? The @DonateMask store uses 100% of money they raise to send free N95-equivalent masks and rapid tests to people in need across Canada ( buymask.ca ). 11/
They also have affordable sample packs so you can more easily try and find masks that fit you and your family ( buymask.ca/collections/ma… ). You can also donate to their charity here ( donatemask.ca ). 12/

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More from @jeffgilchrist

Dec 17
How even mild COVID-19 infection can damage your lungs

Studies are finding damage in children and the virus in lungs a year after infection, causing T-cell infiltration, scarring, and a mechanism for lung injury. 🧵1/ Images of lungs showing the...Image showing how SARS-CoV-...
COVID-19 infections have been found to cause damage to the lungs in children even with mild infections more than a year after infection. Even the recovered kids still have measurable lung damage ( itnonline.com/content/lastin… ). H/T: @MeetJess 2/
They found the measure of air and blood flow in the lungs (V/Q match) was reduced from 81% in healthy controls to 62% in the recovered group and 60% in the Long COVID group. Only 1 child in the study had been vaccinated ( pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/ra… ). 3/ Images of lungs showing the...
Read 19 tweets
Dec 14
How #respirators actually work and which type is best?

I see many claims #masks don't work. This thread will explain *how* they block #viruses much smaller than the size of the holes in the #filter and why you can still smell nasty things while wearing effective masks. 🧵1/ Image showing size comparison of white blood cell, red blood
This thread is long so if you would like an unrolled one page web view that is easier to read or share, look at this tweet to find the link more quickly ( ). 2/
One of the issues is that there are different types of masks that are designed for different purposes. Cloth masks and the common blue earloop procedure masks were never designed to protect people from airborne pathogens that hang in the air for extended periods of time. 3/
Read 51 tweets
Dec 12
Why aren't people wearing masks?

A behavioural psychologist explains why Canadians still aren't willing to wear masks even when multiple viruses are causing children to be hospitalized at unprecedented rates ( theglobeandmail.com/podcasts/the-d… ). H/T: @_SunshinyDays 🧵1/ Photo of boy in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) on vent
People should listen to The Decibel podcast but I will try to summarize the points here in text. Dr. Kim Lavoie (@kimlouiselavoie) is a psychologist at UQAM, Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Medicine, and co-director of the Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre. 2/
Why aren't we seeing more people masking at this point in the pandemic? One issue is we haven't empowered people to properly do situational risk and when and how masks should be used. Now that masks aren't mandated, people need decision tools to help make risk assessments. 3/
Read 55 tweets
Dec 10
Toilets, wastewater COVID-19, RSV, and Influenza all increasing

This thread will be wastewater related, looking at new variants, levels, and what happens in the air after you flush that wastewater down the toilet with some cool video/graphics. 🧵1/ Image of aerosol plumes over a flushed toilet.
The wastewater levels in Ottawa, Canada are increasing for all measures ( covid.gilchrist.ca/Ottawa.html ). RSV and Influenza A levels continue to increase which means even more pressure will be put on the hospitals that are already overwhelmed. 2/ Graphs showing increasing RSV and Influenza A wastewater lev
To make matters worse, COVID-19 levels have started increasing again. You can see in the graph that levels never actually returned to low levels but are on the rise again ( covid.gilchrist.ca/Ottawa.html ). 3/ Graphs showing increasing COVID-19 wastewater levels in Otta
Read 18 tweets
Dec 5
Children dying from Strep throat and other immune consequences

This virus season has been like no other with high hospitalization rates from RSV, Influenza and now more children are dying from Strep A bacterial infections. This long thread looks at what might be going on.🧵1/ Image of Strep bacteria fro...
So far in the UK, five children have died in England under age 10 within a week of diagnosis of invasive group A strep (a bacterial infection) and one 7 year old child in Wales ( bbc.com/news/health-63… ). H/T: @MeetJess 2/
The rates of invasive Strep A in children age 1-4 is 4.6x higher and age 5-9 is 3.7x higher than pre-pandemic 2017-2019 seasons according to the UKHSA. A 9 year old Canadian girl also recently died from a bacterial infection ( facebook.com/chrissy.hollin… ). 3/
Read 50 tweets
Dec 3
COVID-19: Ontario Variants Update (Sequencing to Nov. 23, 2022)

Time for another update on COVID variants in Ontario, Canada. The BA.5.* variants are decreasing significantly and being replaced by BQ.* variants ( app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjo… ) Graphs by: @Mike_Honey_ 🧵1/ Graph of COVID-19 sequenced genomes showing circulating vari
The top 7 variants circulating in Ontario are:
8.7% = BQ.1.1 "Cerberus"
7.6% = BA.5.2.1
7.1% = BA.2.75.2 "Chiron"
6.4% = BQ.1 "Typhon"
5.8% = BA.5.2
5.3% = BF.7 "Minotaur"
3.0% = BQ.1.2

2/ Graph of COVID-19 sequenced genomes showing circulating vari
The next highest 7 variants circulating in Ontario are:
2.7% = BA.4.6 "Aeterna"
2.4% = BA.5.1.30
2.0% = BE.1.2.1
1.8% = BF.28
1.6% = BF.5
1.3% = BA.5.1
1.3% = BQ.1.13

3/ Graph of COVID-19 sequenced genomes showing circulating vari
Read 13 tweets

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