P.V.Narasimha Rao, the man who liberalized the Indian economy, and opened it up. And more than anything else, provided the much needed stability for India in the turbulent 90s. One of the best PMs IMO.
Thread on him. #PVNarasimhaRao
The man who dismantled India's Licence Raj, opened up relations with Israel, adopted a Look East Policy. P.V.Narasimha Rao took over as PM, when India was faced with multiple challenges both on political and economic front in 1991.
Assasination of Rajiv Gandhi, Economic crisis, India was facing a bleak scenario, in 1991 when PVNR became the PM. It is to PVNR's credit that when he stepped down as PM in 1996,more people in India were optimistic about their future, more confident. #PVNarasimhaRao
I was one of those who grew up during the PVNR era, experienced the initial changes he bought along. He introduced far sweeping reforms( forced or otherwise) , when he was just running a minority Govt dependent on allies support. #PVNarasimhaRao
Heading a minority Govt,PVNR managed to pass through crucial bills on economy, not a mean feat at all. He had to deal with the Nehruvian-Socialist lobby in his own party, apart from the Left, but managed to push through the economic reforms. #PVNarsimhaRao
Abolishing Controller of Capital Issues in 1992, was one of the reforms done by PVNR, also introducing the SEBI act.Indian firms were permitted to raise capital in foreign markets using GDR's thanks to PVNR, as also allowing FII's in equity markets. #PVNarasimhaRao
Best thing about PVNR, he would reach out to Opposition leaders on any vital issues, and get their assistance. One masterstroke by PVNR was sending Vajpayee and Salman Khurshid to Geneva Human Rights conference on Kashmir. #PVNarsimhaRao
Benazir Bhutto placed a human rights resolution on Kashmir at Geneva, PVNR sent Vajpayee, Salman Khurshid to counter it, brilliant move, Both ABV and Salman Khurshid ensured that Pak sponsored resolution on Kashmir at Geneva was defeated, main brain behind was #PVNarasimhaRao
It was PVNR who started diplomatic relations with Israel in 1992, another bold step in foreign relations. Look East policy which emphasized on stronger ties with ASEAN, East Asian nations was again started by #PVNarsimhaRao
PVNR appointed @Swamy39 as Chairman of Commission on Labor Standards in 1994, perhaps first time an Oppn member was given Cabinet Rank post. He also started the cultivate Teheran policy, going closer to Iran, and also more friendly ties with Beijing too.
The world changed dramatically post Cold War, and to his credit PVNR managed the international relations well in that scenario. Incidentally PVNR cultivating better ties with China and Iran, was also a strategic step, to build up a front against Pakistan. #PVNarasimhaRao
Pak's resolution on Kashmir at Geneva failed in 1994, coz both China, Iran opposed it, efforts of PVNR to improve relations with em worked.Pokhran-II again had it's roots in the Nuclear Security, Ballistic Missiles program started by PVNR, who laid the foundation for it.
Another success of PVNR was in crushing out the separatist movement in Punjab, giving a free hand to CM Beant Singh and KPS Gill. #PVNarsimhaRao
On the flip side, PVNR's regime was notorious for it's scams, right from Harshad Mehta to Sugar Scam to Sukh Ram. Too many scams broke out in his regime, one reason why he never really got the credit he deserved, it remained a black spot on him.
PVNR's later years were not good, had to quit in disgrace,financial troubles, and then shabbily treated in his death too. He was also a scholar, a polyglot fluent in around 17 languages among em Telugu, Marathi, Hindi, English, French, Urdu. #PVNarsimhaRao
He also translated Viswanatha Satyanarayana's Veyi Padagalu into Hindi and Hari Narayan Apte's Marathi novel Pan Lakshat Kon Gheto.
PVNR was not a Reagan or Thatcher, he was more middle of the road, Centrist kind, ala Wily Brandt and guess it was needed then. He laid the foundation for ABV to follow, and he did so while heading a minority Govt. #PVNarsimhaRao
When he became PM in 1991,both Punjab, TN were reeling under terrorism, when he stepped down in 1996, it was crushed out in both states. And the country was far more stable. #PVNarasimhaRao
Congress might have forgotten PVNR, but he will always live on in the memories of many ordinary Indians like me for his contribution. Most of the younger generation is unaware of PVNR's contribution, they think that MMS was the one who bought in economic reforms.
Apart from this PVNR was also a freedom fighter, took part in the struggle against British as well as the Nizam. He was arrested during Nizam time, for hoisting the National flag in OU Hostel, later targeted by the Razakars too. #PVNarsimhaRao
Some links here, how PVNR was humiliated in his final days by Madam and her lackeys, even worse MMS being the PM, did not even lift a finger at least out of courtesy for the man who bought him into limelight. rediff.com/news/2004/dec/…
Excerpt from Half Lion by Vijay Sitapati, on how PVNR was humiliated in death, not even given a proper funeral thanks to Madam and her gang. Even worse not a single English media outlet reported this shabby treatment to PVNR. swarajyamag.com/books/how-nara…
As a former Prime Minister, PVNR, was entitled to a state funeral, but he was not even given a decent dignified funeral, thanks to Madam's petty mindset. And what was worse the English media, did not even report this at all
My #Naman once again to Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao aka P.V.Narasimha Rao, as some one from that era, will forever be grateful to what he did for India. Salute sir wherever you are.
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Udham Singh, the man who assasinated General O Dwyer, responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the atrocities that followed.
Thread on another great revolutionary hero.
His real name was Sher Singh, born on Dec 26, 1899, to a poor peasant family in Punjab’s Sangrur district. His father, Tehl Singh, worked as a railway gate keeper at a level crossing in the Uppali village of Punjab.
Having lost both his parents when he was small, he along with his brother Mukta Singh, grew up in the Central Khalsa Orphanage in Amritsar. Following the Sikh initiation rites, he got the name of Udham Singh.
Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya, founder of Benares Hindu University, educationist, thinker, freedom fighter, social reformer, a truly great soul or Mahamana as he was called. #MadanMohanMalviya
Thread on his Jayanti today.
His ancestors, had migrated long back from the Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh. Their real surname was Chaturvedi, but due to their region of origin, they adopted the surname of Malaviya.
His father Pandit Vrajanath, was a pious Brahmin who earned his living by reciting the Srimadh Bhagavata( a collection of tales on Krishna). It was his only source of income, and quite meager to support himself or his family.
#TodayinHistory Nicolae Caesescu is caught and executed in 1989 along with his wife Elena, bringing a long dictatorship in Romania to a bloody end, after violent protests against his regime, that started around December 16.
The revolt had it's beginning in the city of Timisoara on December 16, when the Hungarian minority rose in protest over the Govt's decision to deport Pastor László Tőkés, that soon led to ordinary Romanians coming out in revolt against Ceaușescu's regime.
The notorious Securitate, that had earlier managed to suppress dissent using strong arm tactics, proved to be incapable of stopping the revolt. Basically the austerity measures imposed by Ceaușescu to repay the debts, caused a lot of economic hardship.
#TodayinHistory Swami Shraddhananda is shot dead by a fanatic Abdul Rashid in 1926 in 1926. One of the great leaders of modern India, who awoke the Indian consciousness and called out the dangers of pan Islamism.
Thread on him.
Swami Shraddhanand, also known as Mahatma Munshi Ram. It is ironical though, that his early life showed no signs of greatness to come. He was an atheist, got addicted to gambling, drinking, lust.
In a sense Shraddhanand’s early life had some parallels with that of Swami Dayananda. Born in a well to do family in Jalandhar district of Punjab, in 1856, his real name was Munshi Ram Vij
#TodayInHistory Nicolae Ceaușescu is overthrown in Romania in 1989, as the protestors take over Bucharest and other cities, bringing a bloody revolt to an end. He and his wife Elena would be later captured and shot dead on Christmas Day.
Ceaușescu had tried to pacify the protestors addressing a 100,000 strong crowd to condemn the uprising in Timișoara. However with the crowd jeering,booing him, he knew his time was up. And it soon turned into a full fledged riot.
Protestors took over Bucharest, as they waved the Romanian national flag, with the Communist insignia cut out. The protestors were shot at by the armed guards, beaten up and arrested, as the violence spiralled out of control.
The Man Who Knew Infinity, Jayanti of #SrinivasaRamanujan today, one of the greatest mathematicians of modern era, a genius like none other, a true maverick.
The world of mathematics owes a great debt to India , because this is the land from which the basic theories of mathematics have originated. Aryabhatta who contributed the number-place value system and the concept of zero, as well as calculating the area of the triangle.
Bhaskara who came up the concept of the decimal system. Halayudha who provided a clear description of the Pascal’s triangle. And between 1300-1600 AD, we had the Kerala school of Mathematics and Astronomy founded by Madhava of Sangamagrama.