Imperator Cat Profile picture
Jan 4, 2023 7 tweets 4 min read Read on X
You are a #Roman soldier born in province of Dalmatia (modern-day #Croatia). Most of your life you've spent on the Adriatic coast, in the warm Mediterranean climate. It is a paradise on Earth. And it is the heartland of the mighty #RomanEmpire.

Your life is about to change... /1
Then, your emperor, great #Hadrian, commands you and your unit to move. Not to the East, where you could still enjoy all benefits of civilization. Or to Africa, also a place to be.

No, Hadrian dispatches you to the ends of the known world. To the cold and hostile Brittania /2
Precisely, you and your unit are sent to man the furthermost part of the northern frontier. To the Hadrian wall, which is nearing its completion. In the following decade, you will guard this remote outpost against the barbarian threat. /3
This is more than a story. It is exactly what happened to the detachment of the Cohors IV Delmatarum from the #Dalmatian coast. Their destination was fort Mediobogdum, located on the western side of the Hardknott Pass in the county of Cumbria. /4
Built between 120 and 138 AD, the fort was briefly abandoned during the Antonine advance into Scotland during the mid-2nd century. It was reoccupied around 200 and continued in use until the last years of the 4th century. /5
One of the most remote and dramatically sited Roman forts in #Britain, the small, three-acre fort at Hardknott enjoyed command of the Eskdale Valley and the Roman road to Ravenglass. /6
And how do we know the story? Well, the Dalmatian soldiers left an inscription in the fort, which survived (in fragments) to the present day, a witness of a fascinating journey from ancient #history. /7

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More from @CatImperator

May 28
“The City is fallen and I am still alive.”

#OTD, in 1453, Constantinople is about to fall. The empire of Augustus and Constantine, of Justinian and Heraclius, is counting the last hours.

This is how the last Romans made their final stand.

Fall of Constantinople. A thread🧵 Image
By 1453 AD, the “Roman Empire” was just a name.

The emperor ruled only Constantinople and scraps in the Peloponnese. Inside the city lived fewer than 50,000 people - many of them refugees.

But they still called themselves Romans. And they prayed for a miracle. /1 Image
For the help from the West. That will never come.

The Papacy hesitated. Venice and Genoa made deals with both sides. The Balkans were lost. The Ottomans had Europe’s largest army.

Constantinople stood alone behind its ancient walls. /2 Image
Read 12 tweets
May 11
Let’s talk about the emperor who inherited Rome’s last great reconquest—and watched it all start to fall apart. Meet Justin II, nephew of Justinian the Great.

His reign (565–578 AD) is where the cracks began to show. Big time. 🧵 Image
Justin II took the throne in 565, just as his uncle Justinian died. He inherited an empire that looked glorious on paper—Italy, North Africa, Spain, the East… Rome restored!

But in reality? It was overextended, broke, and bleeding. /1 Image
Justinian’s Reconquest restored control over Africa and Italy.

But it also emptied the treasury. The Italian campaign alone lasted 20 years. Cities were destroyed. Armies drained. A plague swept through the empire in the 540s

Justin II stepped in, trying to steady the ship. /2 Image
Read 16 tweets
Apr 13
By the mid 9th century, the Byzantine empire was slowly recovering from traumas of the Arab invasion.

Emperor Theophilos, young and ambitious warrior conducted several succesful offensives.

But he had much bolder plan

Nothing less than reuniting East and West

A thread 🧵 Image
Image
Theophilos was aware that his forces could not decisively defeat the Abbasid Caliphate, and restore the eastern provinces.

But if the Romans and Carolingian Franks unite their forces, they could prevail. And if they reunite the Empire...

Enters Thekla, emperor's daughter /1 Image
One of his several daughters. But as the oldest, Thekla was one of possible heirs to the throne, along with Theophilos son Michael.

She was also well educated, ambitious, raised to rule.
Theophilos saw Thekla (far left) as the bridge between two halves of the future Empire. /2 Image
Read 15 tweets
Nov 10, 2024
So you wanna be a Varangian?

The bodyguard of the Byzantine Emperor, ready to die for his master, but also spend hours of boredom carving graffiti during a solemn mass in Hagia Sophia?

It is an arduous and dangerous work, but it also brings wealth and fame.

A thread 🧵 Image
Joining the Varangian Guard meant pledging loyalty to the Emperor of the #Romans - a rare honour for a foreigner, especially one from the north.

To be a Varangian, you must be from the North, far beyond the imperial territory. Depending on the time, your ethnicity mattered. /1 Image
From ca. 980 to 1020ish, you would get an entry to the Great Palace, if you happened to be from Kievan Rus

Varangian Guard was established around 980 when Basil II received thousands of Kievan soldiers in exchange for the marriage of a Byzantine princess to the Prince of Kiev /2 Image
Read 20 tweets
Sep 2, 2024
The course of history is not decided by one single event, but pivotal moments do happen, and they have a far-reaching impact

One such event is the Battle of Actium, where Octavian's naval forces defeated the combined fleet of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, #OTD, in 31 BC

A thread🧵 Image
The Battle of Actium was the culmination of a decade-long rivalry between two most powerful men in Late Republican Rome:

Octavian, Julius Caesar's adoptive son, and Mark Antony, Caesar's ally and favorite general

The two initially worked together to avenge Caesar's murder... /1 Image
...but personal ambitions and conflicting agendas put the two onto a collision course.

The "cold war" turned hot after Mark Antony publicly declared that he would leave Rome-controlled areas in the East to his sons with Cleopatra.
/2 Image
Read 27 tweets
Aug 3, 2024
On August 2, 216 BC, the largest Roman army ever assembled gathered near the ancient town of Cannae. Rome was determined to teach the Punic upstart a lesson.

Instead, at Cannae, #Hannibal Barca painted the battlefield red with Roman blood.

A thread🧵 Image
By the early second century BC, Roman expansion in the Western Mediterranean encountered an obstacle - the maritime power of #Carthage. Romans, however, managed not only to build the fleet (in a remarkably short time).

They also defeated Carthage, taking control of the seas. /1 Image
Carthage was defeated and humiliated but not beaten. In fact, the son of one of Carthaginian leading commanders in the First Punic War - Hamilcar Barca - famously swore to enmity for Rome as a child.

Hannibal stayed faithful to his words, and in 218 BC attacked Rome in Spain. /2 Image
Read 25 tweets

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