1/ The concept of "hysteria" has a long and troubled history in psychiatry. It dates back to ancient Greece and was initially used to describe a wide range of physical and mental symptoms in women.
2/ "Hysteria" comes from the Greek word "hystera," meaning uterus, reflecting the historical belief that women's mental & physical symptoms were related to the uterus and its movements. This belief led to the notion that women's symptoms could be "cured" by removing the uterus.
3/ Over the centuries, the diagnosis of hysteria was used to blame women for their own suffering and pathologize normal emotions and behaviors. This led to a widespread belief that women were inherently unstable and prone to mental illness.
4/ During the 19th century, the diagnosis of hysteria became popular in European and American psychiatry and was used to explain a wide range of symptoms, including nervousness, fainting, and sexual disturbances.
5/ The concept of hysteria became so prevalent that it was included in the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1952 and remained in subsequent editions until 1980 (!!!), when it was finally removed from the manual.
6/ Unfortunately, the diagnosis of hysteria was often used to justify inhumane treatments, such as institutionalization, lobotomies, and the administration of drugs such as insulin shock therapy and electroconvulsive therapy.
7/ Despite its removal from the DSM, the legacy of hysteria continues to have an impact on the way that women's mental health is viewed & treated in our society today. It is appalling to think about the harm that has been done to women under the guise of "treating" hysteria.
Follow along for more #WTF moments in the history of psychiatry and mental health!
1/ Adderall is a stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy; it works by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine.
2/ Common side effects of Adderall include loss of appetite, trouble sleeping, and stomach problems. More serious adverse effects include heart problems, anxiety, mood swings or changes, and potential for dependence.
3/ Adderall is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations, and it can be taken orally in tablet or capsule form, as well as some liquid formulations and oral disentegrating tablets (ODT): Adzenys, Dyanavel, Mydayis, and Vyvanse are all essentially Adderall.
1/ #Xylazine is a sedative and analgesic drug that is commonly used in veterinary medicine to sedate and immobilize animals. It is also used as an anesthetic in laboratory animals and as a tranquilizer in horse racing.
2/ Xylazine is a Schedule III controlled substance under the United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, meaning that it has a potential for abuse and dependence, and it should be used under strict medical supervision. One of its nicknames is "#tranq".
3/ Unfortunately, Xylazine is being used to contaminate the drug supply, and it is being sold as a street drug. This is a dangerous practice as Xylazine can cause serious side effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular depression, and even death in high doses.