The findings of this one suggest a possible defect in the transfer of PUFA from peripheral tissues to the liver in NAFLD, with HDL composition being tightly connected to the rewiring of hepatic PUFA composition that occurs in NAFLD.
- NAFLD was characterised by a depletion in phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and sphingomyelins) specifically driven by their PUFA fraction.
- NAFLD patients had higher saturated and lower polyunsaturated FFAs.
- Findings also suggested that independently from the lower HDL-c concentration, HDL in NAFLD was characterised by PUFA phospholipid depletion and enrichment of saturated ceramides in NAFLD...
...something that might be intimately linked to insulin resistance and associated to liver damage.
- "Our results, despite being observational, show for the first time that the HDL lipidome of NAFLD patients carries lipidomic signatures similar to those previously described in both peripheral tissues and liver of patients with MetS/NAFLD...
...therefore potentially implicating HDL as a contributor to NAFLD development and progression in IR states."
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is characterised by a reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid transport via free fatty acids and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (open access)
The findings of this one suggest that even though exercise may be beneficial for some aspects of children's cognition (information processing speed), those with higher levels of habitual physical activity may also benefit in other aspects too (executive control efficiency).
- A 15 min bout of physical exercise benefited children's overall information processing speed the most, whereas the efficiency of executive control and other attention networks (alerting and orienting) was unaffected by the duration of the bout.
- However, exercise duration affected the interactive functioning of executive control and orienting networks in more active children, suggesting that the dose–response relation of interest may be moderated by children's habitual physical activity level.
This review tries to address the ideal duration and intensity of physical activity, and the types of exercise for optimizing lifelong cardiovascular health, longevity, and healthspan.
Summary:
- Physical fitness is the single best predictor of life expectancy and healthspan. Try to achieve and maintain a high level of physical fitness throughout life.
In this one, obesity, but not overweight, was associated with a higher risk of death from middle to older age, irrespective of the adiposity index used, suggesting that obesity should be prevented across the lifespan, including in individuals up to 85 years of age.
- Lower risk of mortality in older participants with overweight compared with normal weight when adiposity was assessed by the fat mass index was observed.
- However, the magnitude of this association was small and probably not clinically meaningful.
In this one, a high dose (2.5mg) of phenylcapsaicin was associated with a plausible ergogenic effect on strength performance, muscle damage and peripheral perceived exertion in comparison to a placebo and a lower dose of 0.625mg during resistance training.
- The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low dose (0.625 mg) and high dose (2.5mg) of phenylcapsaicin on full squat performance, active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion, muscle damage, protein breakdown, metabolic response, and 24-h recovery.
These assessments were approached under a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design.
This one in hyperinsulinemia- and hyperglycemia- prone mice suggests that both endurance and strength training can be effective ways to mitigate the impacts of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia.
- In this study, both short-term endurance and strength training protocols controlled the elevated fasting glucose and insulin, leading to improved whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
- While endurance exercise appeared to play a vital role in transcriptome and mitochondrial activity, strength exercise mainly affected post-translational mechanisms and protein synthesis.
In this one, females with high levels of physical activity showed a more pronounced flexion-relaxation phenomenon compared to those with moderate and low levels of physical activity, suggesting that high levels of physical activity may lower risk for low back pain.
- The flexion relaxation phenomenon is characterized by the reduction of paraspinal muscle activity at maximum trunk flexion.
- This phenomenon is often absent or disrupted in individuals reporting lower back pain.