Discover and read the best of Twitter Threads about #InsulinResistance
Most recents (24)
Here, a triple agonist that interacts with GLP-1, neuropeptide Y1&Y2 receptors, regulated insulin secretion in rat and human pancreatic islets, promoted insulin-independent Y1-R-mediated glucose uptake in rat muscle tissue ex vivo and reduced food intake and body weight in rats. 
- Mechanisms underlying long-term sustained weight loss and glycemic normalization after obesity surgery include changes in gut hormone levels, including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY).
- PYY1–36 is a gut hormone that binds to the Y1-R in pancreatic islets and central nervous system nuclei that control appetite regulation in the brain including the brainstem area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius, where it has an orexigenic effect.
This one in mice suggests that a daily feeding-fasting rhythm is a key input to liver and muscle clocks that enables synergy between the two tissues for control of glucose metabolism at the systemic level.
- Physiology is regulated by interconnected cell and tissue circadian clocks.
- Disruption of the rhythms generated by the concerted activity of these clocks is associated with metabolic disease.
In this one, a higher cardiovascular risk, as assessed by the Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score, was associated with poorer cognitive function among older adults living in the US.
- The Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score is based on age, sex, smoking, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, blood pressure, and diabetes.
- It was found to be associated with lower cognitive function among older adults, including overall cognition and particular domains of cognition, such as executive function and processing speed, and immediate and delayed memory.
Using linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analyses, this one suggests that a higher adiposity, as measured by BMI, is causally associated with an increased risk for rheumatic disease, an effect that is more pronounced in women for both gout and psoriatic arthropathy.
- A genetic predisposition to high BMI is was found to be causally linked to a higher risk of developing psoriatic arthropathy and inflammatory spondylitis.
- For psoriatic arthropathy and gout, sex-specific effects were observed, and for osteoarthritis, the effect of BMI was stronger in premenopausal compared to postmenopausal women.
In this one, both an elevated lipid accumulation product (LAP) and an visceral adiposity index (VAI), were associated with an increased risk for early-onset type 2 diabetes among young Chinese adults.
- The lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a marker designed to measure cardiovascular disease risk factors that integrates waist circumference, an indicator of abdominal obesity, and triglyceride levels.
* LAP index (females)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−58)
* LAP index (males)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−65)
* LAP index (males)=TG (mmol/L)×(WC [cm]−65)
The findings of this one suggest a possible defect in the transfer of PUFA from peripheral tissues to the liver in NAFLD, with HDL composition being tightly connected to the rewiring of hepatic PUFA composition that occurs in NAFLD.
- NAFLD was characterised by a depletion in phospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols and sphingomyelins) specifically driven by their PUFA fraction.
- NAFLD patients had higher saturated and lower polyunsaturated FFAs.
The findings of this one suggest that the glycaemic load of a meal is not a major determinant of postprandial response, with a greater impact exerted by the metabolic health of the individual.
- The aim of this study was to perform an acute cross-over intervention to examine the interactive actions of meal glycaemic load on the dynamic responses of the plasma metabolome in overweight females.
- Postmenopausal women with a mean age of 63 yeras ingested two differing high-carbohydrate test meals (73 g carbohydrate; 51% energy) composed of either low glycemic index or high glycemic index foods in a randomised sequence.
This one suggests that low circulating adiponectin is a key damaging element for β-cells.
- Diluted plasma from human donors with obesity acutely impaired β-cell integrity and insulin secretion relative to plasma from lean subjects.
- Similar results were observed with diluted sera from obese rats fed ad libitum, when compared to sera from lean, calorically restricted, animals.
In this one, despite a heavy burden of cardiometabolic health, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease & cancer morbidity and mortality rates were lower in Iraqi-born immigrants compared to native-born Swedes.
- Continuing the conundrum of metabolic phenotypes and the healthy migrant effect, this one aimed to study the impact of Middle Eastern and European ethnicity...
...on all-cause, cancer- & cardiovascular disease-related mortality and incidence of cancer & cardiovascular disease in an eight-year follow-up study.
The findings of this study in a rodent model that permits some separation of the effects of a Western, obesogenic-type diet and obesity on glucose homeostasis, suggests that impairments in glucose homeostasis are largely driven by ectopic fat storage.
- Voles are small, non-hibernating rodents that have an annual cycle of body weight change that reflects large changes in their levels of adiposity.
Interestingly, this state can be induced by manipulations of photoperiod, independent of the diet.
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are markedly insulin resistant.
- The objective of the investigation was to determine insulin resistance in patients with cancer.
To achieve that, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies assessing insulin sensitivity in patients with cancer using the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp method was performed.
In this one, NAFLD, as assessed by the fatty liver index (FLI), was found associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese adults.
* LP (linear predictor) = 0.953*ln[triglycerides (mg/dL)] + 0.139 * BMI (kg/m2) + 0.718*ln[GGT (IU/L)] + 0.053 * waist circumference (cm) - 15.745
* FLI = [e^LP/(1 + e^LP)] * 100
* FLI = [e^LP/(1 + e^LP)] * 100
- The FLI was positively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Interestingly, using NMR spectroscopy, this one suggests that newly manifest type 2 diabetes-associated dyslipoproteinemia does not significantly change the total concentrations of the lipoproteins produced in the liver, but selectively their subclass distributions.
- In the present study, German long time blood donors that were assumed to be healthy according to the rules applying for blood donors were examined.
Impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or manifest type 2 diabetes were not known for this group before they were included in this study.
In this one, a hypocaloric ketogenic diet was effective at reducing diurnal glucose compared to a low-fat diet independent of weight loss, with exogenous ketone salts ingestion during the first condition not only augmenting ketonemia, but further decreasing mean fasting glucose.
- The primary objective of this study was to determine how supplementing a ketogenic diet twice daily with a ketogenic salt (12g βHB per serving) affected measures of fasting and diurnal ketonemia and glycemia in overweight adults during 6 weeks of controlled hypocaloric feeding
- Participants were randomized to two controlled diets: ketogenic diet + twice-daily ketone salt supplementation or ketogenic diet + calorie-free, flavor-matched placebo.
Contrary to other studies, in this Spanish population with high cardiovascular risk, higher cardiovascular health score using the American Heart Association's Life’s Simple 7 metrics was associated with a decreased risk of incident atrial fibrillation in lean individuals only.
- The American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 health score consists of 7 modifiable metrics: physical activity, diet, smoking status, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and cholesterol.
This one discovered three discrete hyperuricemia trajectories over a 5-year span and found that those in the hyperuricemia high-increasing pattern, as compared with those in the low-stable pattern, were at an increased risk of diabetes.
- According to the characteristics of their hyperuricemia status changes during this 5-year exposure period, subjects were divided into three different hyperuricemia trajectory groups:
The “low-stable” trajectory, the “moderate-stable” trajectory and the “high-increasing” trajectory.
The findings of this one suggest that reversal of alterations of the GH/IGF-1 axis after surgically-induced weight loss is unlikely related to improved leptin secretion and/or whole-body insulin sensitivity, but is rather associated with improvements in adipose tissue function.
- The reversal of alterations of the GH/IGF-1 axis after bariatric surgery related to improvements in adipose tissue function, but not whole-body or hepatic insulin sensitivity:
- The study found lower GH concentrations in humans with obesity than in lean humans in the setting of similar IGF-1 concentrations, indicating a preserved IGF-1 feedback mechanism.
In this one in adults with obesity without diabetes who initially lost at least 5% of body weight, only the combination of an aerobic exercise program and a GLP-1 receptor agonist improved postprandial glucose & glucagon responses and beta cell function compared with placebo.
- The aim of this study was to investigate glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function during a 1-year maintenance period with either exercise, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or the combination after diet-induced weight loss.
- In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, adults with obesity (BMI: 32–43 kg/m2) without diabetes underwent an 8-week low-calorie diet (800 kcal/d) and were randomized to 52 weeks of aerobic exercise, liraglutide 3.0 mg/d, exercise and liraglutide combined, or placebo.
The findings of this one suggest that persistent de novo lipogenesis during fasting may at least partly explain impaired fasting ketogenesis in metabolic syndrome, which appears to be the consequence of reciprocal regulation of DNL and β-oxidation.
- Forty non-diabetic individuals with and without a history of NAFL were recruited for this study.
- Lipogenesis remained detectable in a subset of individuals after a 24 hour fast, including some subjects without hepatic steatosis or other hallmarks of metabolic syndrome.
This one in twins finds that active individuals are more likely to have an intramyocellular lipid phenotype resembling that of athletes.
- Findings also suggested that efficient BCAA catabolism together with BCAA availability are crucial for this intramyocellular lipid phenotype to occur.
To put this into perspective, metabolic syndrome is more than often accompanied by impaired BCAA catabolism.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials suggests that treatment with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is unlikely to reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
- The review included RCTs that compared SGLT2 inhibitors or SGLT1/2 inhibitors to placebo, active interventions, or no intervention in adults (aged ≥ 18 years), with a minimum follow-up of 48 weeks and that reported at least 1 case of cancer or 1 death due to cancer.
- Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors did not reduce or increase cancer incidence or mortality.
The findings of this one suggest that anthropometric measures waist-to-hip ratio and/or waist circumference, but not BMI, are risk factors for MACE-3, CVD-related mortality, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and CV risk factors or established CVD.
- The REWIND CV Outcomes Trial evaluated CVD-related events, including MACE-3, CVD-related mortality, all-cause mortality, and HF requiring hospitalization, over a median of 5.4 years.
- Patients had type 2 diabetes, were aged 50 years or older with CV risk factors or established CVD and had a baseline BMI of ≥ 23 kg/m2.
In this one, adipsin, an adipokine that can stimulate triglyceride synthesis and is involved in the complement system, was found to be associated with MAFLD.
- Individuals with MAFLD had higher levels of adipsin.
- In indivisuals with MAFLD, as the number of metabolic risk abnormalities increased, the levels of serum adipsin and the proportion of moderate to severe fatty liver disease also increased.
Interestingly, this one found both low and high glycaemic levels as well as low and high levels of HbA1c to be associated with an increased risk of infection-related mortality risk.
- In this large cohort study of young and middle-aged Korean adults, diabetes, non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance were associated with increased risk of infection-related mortality.
- These associations remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders and when changes in glycaemic parameters and confounders over time were incorporated as time-varying covariates.
