#TodayinHistory in 1898, after the Spanish administration transferred control of Manila (#Intramuros) to the Americans, Emilio Aguinaldo issued a decree moving the capital of the revolutionary government from Kawit, Cavite to #Malolos, Bulacan. (THREAD) #history #PH
In May 1898, with the Americans promising Aguinaldo aid to relaunch the #PH Revolution against Spain, Filipino forces have been gaining ground, while the Americans battled the Spanish forces at sea.
The proclamation of #PH independence was declared on 12 June 1898 at Kawit, Cavite. The fledgling Filipino government set out to make itself more representative of the liberated towns, thanks to the initiative of Apolinario Mabini.
US generals proved to have hidden intentions. Despite having Manila surrounded by Filipino forces, the Americans asked Filipinos to step aside. Apparently, there were secret negotiations bet. U.S. & Spanish forces. Manila was turned over to the Americans.
With tensions beginning to mount & Filipino generals raising suspicion of American expansionism upon Manila's takeover, Aguinaldo decided to move his capital to Malolos, Bulacan. The transfer was completed only on 14 September 1898, in time for the 1st convening of Congress.
By Dec 1898, Spain sold #PH to the U.S. for $20M as stipulated in the Treaty of Paris. #PH diplomat Felipe Agoncillo was barred from treaty negotiations. The revolutionary gov from Malolos filed a diplomatic protest, as tension heightened bet. the Filipino & American forces.
A constitution was drafted by the revolutionary Congress, and the 1st #PH Republic was finally inaugurated on 23 January 1899 at #Malolos, Bulacan. W/ the outbreak of #PH-American War in 4 February, however, Malolos fell on 31 March 1899.
Photos:
- Filipino festivities at Malolos (September 1898), &
- Convening of the Malolos Congress (15 Sept 1898), both from John Tewell collection
- Editorial cartoon by Victor Gillam (c. 1899), from @Cornell
- Malolos burns (31 March 1899), from @USNatArchives
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