The race for #coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide by @nature. Eight ways in which scientists hope to provide immunity to #SARSCoV2.
This thread is to provide an insight into how 4 different types of vaccines work.
Vaccine Basics: How we learn to develop immunity
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: a variety of approaches
All vaccines aim to expose the body to an antigen that won’t cause disease but will provoke an immune response that can block or kill the virus if a person becomes infected.
1.Virus Vaccines: At least 7 teams are developing vaccines using the virus itself, in a weakened/inactivated form. Measles and polio vaccines are made this way. These require extensive safety testing. Sinovac Biotech in Beijing is one of these.
2. Viral-vector vaccines: Around 25 groups say they are working on viral-vector vaccines. A virus such as measles or adenovirus is genetically engineered so that it can produce coronavirus proteins in the body. These viruses are weakened so they cannot cause disease. (1/2)
There are two types: those that can still replicate within cells and those that cannot because key genes have been disabled. (2/2)
3. Nucleic-acid vaccines: At least 20 teams are aiming to use genetic instructions (DNA or RNA) for a coronavirus protein that prompts an immune response when inserted into human cells, which then churn out copies of the virus protein by encoding the virus’s spike protein.
4. Protein-based vaccines: Many researchers want to inject coronavirus proteins directly into the body. Fragments of proteins or protein shells that mimic the coronavirus’s outer coat can also be used.
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White sugar, honey, and jaggery, 3 different names of the same thing, 'sugar'. The later 2 have some micronutrients but there is a BIG 'but' to consider these 'healthy'. Thread #nutrition
Jaggery is considered a better choice as compare to white/brown sugar because, it contains a small amount of B vitamins & minerals, including calcium, Iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium & sodium. 10 gm Jaggery provides 36 KCAL (minimal protein, no fat, and 8.5g carbs).
Jaggery has a glycemic index (GI) of 84, which makes it a poor dietary choice. Also need to eat a lot of jaggery to get a meaningful amount of these nutrients, which you can get in much greater amounts from other sources.
1. COVID-19 vaccines are unsafe because it was developed quickly.
Fact: The authorized vaccines are proven safe & effective. Although they were developed in record time, they have gone through the same rigorous approval process as others.
2. I have already had COVID once; why vaccinate now?
Fact: Those who have had COVID-19 in the past have no method to tell if reinfection of the COVID-19 virus will happen or not even if they have developed some natural immunity. So, it's important to take the vaccine.
3. I will get COVID-19 if I take a vaccine.
Fact: None of the COVID-19 vaccines can give you the COVID-19 infection that you dread. None of these vaccines uses the live virus that causes COVID-19.
1. Some types of probiotics found in yogurt, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, have been shown to lessen the uncomfortable symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a common disorder that affects the colon. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
#WorldDiabetesDay 2020: Information on Diabetes & management by making suitable lifestyle changes.
1. Understanding Diabetes - types, risk factors & how it occurs 2. Diagnosis of Diabetes Type 2 & Prediabetes - HbA1C, Fasting & post-meal 3. Effects of Diabetes on the body. (1/4)
4. How to prevent diabetes type 2? 5. Diet for Diabetes type 2: This is individualized. A low carb, moderate-protein diet plan is recommended for the Indian population. However, intermittent fasting & the Ketogenic diet are showing promising results in managing diabetes. (2/4)
6. Glycemic Index (GI): Understanding the GI of foods is crucial in managing diabetes.
A. What is GI?
B. GI of some common foods. Chose foods that are low in GI. Moderate GI foods can be taken sometimes. Avoid high GI foods. High GI foods also lead to weight gain. (3/4)
1. You don't need to eat every 2-3 hours 2. Meat doesn't rot in your colon 3. Eggs are one of the healthy foods you can eat 4. Surgery drinks are the most fattening product in the modern diet.
5. Low fat doesn't mean healthy 6. Fruit juices aren't that different from soft drinks 7. Feeding your gut bacteria is critical 8. Cholesterol isn't the enemy 9. Weight loss supplements rarely work 10. Neither carbs nor fats make you fat.
11. Junk foods are addictive 12. Omega 6 containing vegetable oils such as sunflower, soybean & corn oils contribute to oxidative stress 13. Organic or gluten free doesn't mean healthy 14. Your weight is not correlated to your health status 15. There's no perfect diet.