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Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
@DrSubhasree
Sep 20, 2020 • 8 tweets • 5 min read • Read on X
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Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity?

A THREAD compiling 6 major studies on T-Cell reactivity against #SARSCoV2 that provide strong evidence that measuring only antibodies is NOT enough to understand #COVID19 immunity.
bmj.com/content/370/bm… Image
1. @Alba_Grifoni and colleagues have reported SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells in ∼40%-60% of unexposed individuals, suggesting cross-reactive T cell recognition between circulating "common cold" coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32473127/ Image
2. Using the FACS-based method, @KevinWNg and colleagues have demonstrated the presence of pre-existing humoral immunity in uninfected and unexposed humans to the new coronavirus.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110… Detection of SARS-CoV-2 S-b...
3. @Dani6020 & colleagues from La Jolla Institute for Immunology detected SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ & CD8+ T cells in 100% and 80% of COVID-19 patients, respectively. (1/2)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110… SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell ...
They have also detected low levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cells in 20% of the healthy controls, not previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2, and indicative of cross-reactivity due to infection with common cold coronaviruses. (2/2)
4. Study in 36 individuals with COVID 19 found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein & long-lasting memory T cells of SARS-CoV, 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003 in 23 patients COVID 19 recovered patients.
nature.com/articles/s4158… SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells...SARS-CoV-2-specific respons...
5. Study in 32 COVID-19 patients found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper (T FH ) cells and cytotoxic T helper cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2 and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reactive regulatory T cells.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
6. @marcus_buggert and colleagues reported SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative family members and individuals with a history of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…

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More from @DrSubhasree

Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Oct 10, 2021
White sugar, honey, and jaggery, 3 different names of the same thing, 'sugar'. The later 2 have some micronutrients but there is a BIG 'but' to consider these 'healthy'. Thread #nutrition
Jaggery is considered a better choice as compare to white/brown sugar because, it contains a small amount of B vitamins & minerals, including calcium, Iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium & sodium. 10 gm Jaggery provides 36 KCAL (minimal protein, no fat, and 8.5g carbs).
Jaggery has a glycemic index (GI) of 84, which makes it a poor dietary choice. Also need to eat a lot of jaggery to get a meaningful amount of these nutrients, which you can get in much greater amounts from other sources.
Read 8 tweets
Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Jun 29, 2021
Eggs have gotten a bad reputation because the yolks are high in cholesterol. But cholesterol isn’t that simple. The more cholesterol you eat, the less your body produces.

Science says up to 3 whole eggs per day is perfectly safe for healthy people. 🧵
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8857917/Image
Before we go ahead, it's important to understand dietary cholesterol and its role in raising LDL? Existing epidemiological data have clearly demonstrated that dietary cholesterol is not correlated with increased risk for cardiac diseases.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22037012/
How many egg yolks are too many? That's debatable.

Common recommendations include a maximum of 2–6 yolks per week. However, this claim lacks scientific backing.
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108…
Read 11 tweets
Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Apr 29, 2021
📌The #COVID19 Vaccine: Myths & Facts

1. COVID-19 vaccines are unsafe because it was developed quickly.

Fact: The authorized vaccines are proven safe & effective. Although they were developed in record time, they have gone through the same rigorous approval process as others.
2. I have already had COVID once; why vaccinate now?

Fact: Those who have had COVID-19 in the past have no method to tell if reinfection of the COVID-19 virus will happen or not even if they have developed some natural immunity. So, it's important to take the vaccine.
3. I will get COVID-19 if I take a vaccine.

Fact: None of the COVID-19 vaccines can give you the COVID-19 infection that you dread. None of these vaccines uses the live virus that causes COVID-19.
Read 11 tweets
Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Apr 18, 2021
Please follow the thread to get nutrition guidance during this tough time. (1/n)
Read 5 tweets
Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Jan 2, 2021
✅Health Benefits of Yogurt: Yogurt, made by the bacterial fermentation of milk & a powerhouse of nutrients.

1 cup of yogurt provides:
49% of daily calcium need
38% of phosphorus
12% of magnesium etc.

Thread Explaining health benefits backed by science.
yogurtinnutrition.com/the-benefits-o…
1. Some types of probiotics found in yogurt, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, have been shown to lessen the uncomfortable symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is a common disorder that affects the colon.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
2. Probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea, as well as constipation.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 10 tweets
Dr. Subhasree Ray Profile picture
Nov 15, 2020
#WorldDiabetesDay 2020: Information on Diabetes & management by making suitable lifestyle changes.

1. Understanding Diabetes - types, risk factors & how it occurs
2. Diagnosis of Diabetes Type 2 & Prediabetes - HbA1C, Fasting & post-meal
3. Effects of Diabetes on the body. (1/4)
4. How to prevent diabetes type 2?
5. Diet for Diabetes type 2: This is individualized. A low carb, moderate-protein diet plan is recommended for the Indian population. However, intermittent fasting & the Ketogenic diet are showing promising results in managing diabetes. (2/4)
6. Glycemic Index (GI): Understanding the GI of foods is crucial in managing diabetes.

A. What is GI?
B. GI of some common foods. Chose foods that are low in GI. Moderate GI foods can be taken sometimes. Avoid high GI foods. High GI foods also lead to weight gain. (3/4)
Read 6 tweets

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