Manu Sebastian Profile picture
Oct 1, 2020 7 tweets 5 min read Read on X
Studying some provisions of Indian Evidence Act in the light of #BabriVerdict

"A is tried for a riot and is proved to have marched at the head of a mob. The cries of the mob are relevant as explanatory to the nature of the transaction" - illustration (f) of Section 9.
For example, if Advani & Co were heading the mob at Babri site, the cries of mob calling for demolition ("mandir waheen banaeenge" etc) are relevant facts to prove incitement.
#BabriDemolitionCase
#BabriMasjidDemolition
Criminal Conspiracy - Sec 10 says acts done by different members of conspiracy at different stages are relevant against each other in proving conspiracy, though the members may be strangers.
(In #BabriDemolitionCase, court said accused & kar sewaks are strangers to each other)
Going by the illustration of Section 10, the acts done by a member of alleged conspiracy are relevant against another person in proving the existence of conspiracy, even though they may be strangers.

#BabriDemolitionCase
Subsequent and previous conducts are relevant facts : Section 8.
#BabriAccusedAcquitted
For example, these(previous and subsequent conducts).

#BabriMasjidDemolitionCase
P.S : Court in #BabriDemolitionCase held that the newspaper reports, video tapes, photographs etc regarding speeches and slogans of the accused have not been proved to be authentic.

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More from @manuvichar

Oct 23
OpIndia @OpIndia_com has published an article written by its Chief Editor Nupur Sharma @UnSubtleDesi targeting LiveLaw @LiveLawIndia. The article is malicious, factually wrong & a blatant misrepresentation of the court proceedings, which can amount to contempt of court. Thread Image
The summary of the mischievous article is that LiveLaw, in its ‘X’ handle, posted misinformation about a petition filed by Sharjeel Imam.

The thread below will explain how the OpIndia article is terribly wrong.
LiveLaw had posted that Sharjeel Imam’s petition regarding bail in the Delhi riots larger conspiracy case was listed before a bench of Justices Bela Trivedi & SC Sharma on October 22. LiveLaw had also updated that the matter was posted to Oct 25 as it was not taken up that day.
Read 18 tweets
Feb 16, 2022
#Thread on the South African Constitutional Court judgment allowing a Tamil Hindu girl to wear nose-stud in school as a cultural practice, which was cited by Sr Adv Kamat in #HijabBan case. Remarkable the manner in which SA court upheld minority rights & cultural diversity.
An interesting aspect from the South African judgment was that it did not go into whether wearing of the nose-stud was an essential or mandatory practice. What matters is if it is a "sincere belief".
Differentiating between mandatory and voluntary practice falls short of Constitutional project which promotes and celebrates diversity. We cannot celebrate diversity by permitting it only when no other option remains - what a beautiful exposition
Read 10 tweets
Feb 15, 2022
Some highlights from #HijabBan case hearing.

Petitioner : Kannada word used in GO means "public order". Same word used for "public order" in Kannada translation of Constitution.

Bench : GO can't be interpreted like statute or Constitution.
Petitioner cites a South African ruling which allowed a Hindu girl to wear nose ring in school as cultural practice.

Bench : How is this relevant to present issue? We follow our own Constitution.

#HijabBan #KarnatakaHC
Petitioner : Expelling student for not wearing uniform disproportionate.
Bench : You're not expelled.
Petitioner : I'm denied entry. Same effect as expulsion.
Bench : If someone expelled from train for not having ticket, can it be termed disproportionate?
#HijabBan #KarnatakaHC
Read 4 tweets
May 1, 2021
A good judgement to read on #MayDay is the 2020 SC judgment which quashed the Gujarat Govt order exempting Factories from paying overtime wages to workers. The Court emphatically said that " a workers’ right to life cannot be contingent on the mercy of employer
or the State"
Notably, the judgment acknowledged that labour rights are "hard won" rights which cannot be diluted citing the excuse of pandemic.

State cannot permit exploitation of workers making their "hard won" rights illusory, SC said.
#MayDay2021
During pandemic, State should be more protective of workers than diluting their rights citing difficulties of employer.

"...financial losses cannot be offset on the weary shoulders of
the laboring worker, who provides the backbone of the economy", the Court said.

#MayDay2021
Read 4 tweets
Nov 26, 2020
Scenes from a court after fundamental rights have been linked to fundamental duties.

Lawyer : My client has been jailed for writing against the government.

Judge : Why would anyone write against the govt? Is it something expected of a good citizen?
Lawyer : No my lord. But it may be seen that my client is a dutiful citizen. He has donated to the PMCARES . Has installed all apps of govt. He signs national anthem before movies. Regularly watches republic day parades and the channels of the Republic.
Judge : Oh okay. In that case, bail granted subject to condition that he will use social media only to retweet national leaders for next 10 days.

"once we perform our duties, rights will automatically be safeguarded"
Read 4 tweets
Nov 26, 2020
So on this #ConstitutionDay what do we see :
1. Nearly 10 lakh people in JK denied rights to access 4G internet despite SC pronouncements on proportionality principle.
2. Discussions about bringing State monitoring over citizens' decisions to choose life partner and religion.
3. A Supreme Court which is getting increasingly wary of holding the executive to account to the constitution.
4. Increased state intolerance towards citizen movements and protests. Use of sedition, NSA, UAPA to crack down dissent.
#ConstitutionDay
5. Parliament which acts like a rubber stamp passing laws without effective discussions.
6. Increased impunity for hate speech against minorities.
7. Election Commission not doing anything to control brazen communal propaganda in elections.

#ConstitutionDay2020
Read 5 tweets

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