Does #SARSCoV2 increase risk of🧠Parkinson’s Disease (PD)? Recent reports documented PD onset following severe #COVID19 in a 35, 45, & 58 year old. They developed severe motor symptoms; brain imaging revealed reduced function of dopamine system, akin to PD🧵
2. Possible mechanisms include: (a) blood clots and other circulatory problems that occur in some COVID patients could reduce blood flow to brain and to dopamine system or (b) inflammation caused by severe COVID-19 could trigger neuroinflammation and demise of dopamine neurons.
3. Consistent with this, another study looked at brains of COVID19 patients post-mortem and found an inflammatory response response in their brains—the activation of microglia & cytotoxic T cells—which are neuropathological signs that are also associated with Parkison's Disease.
4. Third possibility is that SARS-CoV-2 may invade dopamine neurons, which do express the ACE2 protein—the receptor the virus needs to enter cells. But it isn't clear whether and to what extent SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect brain cells. More studies needed to shed light on this.
5. "While acute parkinsonism in conjunction with COVID-19 appears to be rare, spread of SARS-CoV-2 widely in society might lead to a high proportion of patients being predisposed to developing PD later in life"
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

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More from @AliNouriPhD

2 Nov
#SARSCoV2 from transmission🗣️to disease🤒:

1. Spike protein on the virus binds the ACE2 receptor on human cells. The Virus RNA is released into the cell, where it is translated into proteins that assemble and make-up new virus particles that are then sent back out of the cell🧵
2. #SARSCoV2 comes out of the respiratory tract🗣️on small aerosols that stay airborne and are then inhaled; on bigger respiratory droplets💧that splash into others' nose/mouth/eyes or they land on surfaces and get picked up by touch; the virus is also excreted through human waste
3. #COVID affects many of the body's systems—upper and lower respiratory tract 🫁; heart🫀, where it can cause arrhythmias & other problems; digestive problems like nausea, pain, vomiting; neurological🧠problems where people suffer cognitive challenges even after recovery & more.
Read 5 tweets
5 Oct
Science magazine: We must shift our thinking and focus on Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

Inhalation is a major route. Viruses in large droplets fall to the ground in seconds within 2 m. Viruses in aerosols remain suspended for hours, like smoke, and are inhaled 1/4
Aerosols are highly concentrated near an infected person, but they can also travel more than 2 m and accumulate in poorly ventilated indoor air, leading to superspreading events. Even without symptoms thousands of virus-laden aerosols are released by breathing and talking 2/4
Thus, it's more likely to inhale aerosols than be sprayed by droplets so we must focus on airborne transmission. In addition to masks, distancing, hygiene, we need guidance to move activities outdoors, improve indoor air w/ventilation & filtration & protect high-risk workers 3/4
Read 4 tweets
29 Sep
NIH STUDY: 3 interventions had the most impact on COVID infections: closing schools, closing bars, wearing masks.

Here's Maryland where trajectory of case rate (green) hospitalizations (blue) and death (black) all change with a few days of lag time after closures🧵 1/n
Researchers also looked at school closure, alone. Here's Georgia where school closure occurred prior to closing bars and appears to cut the rate of infections (green) in half, beginning 8-14 days post-closure. Rates of hospitalizations (blue) & death (black) also went down (2/n)
Mask mandates also led to a drop in the rate of infections (green); drops in the rates of hospitalizations (blue); and deaths (black) "Mandating masks is to drop the slopes about 2 fold". Here's New Jersey (3/n)
Read 5 tweets
22 Sep
VIRUS RESURGING, and it's not even winter yet: after crushing the curve, France🇫🇷/Spain🇪🇸 recording more cases than during prior peak. Consequence of ill-prepared reopening, travel, spread among youth, bar-goers...In some place ICUs almost at saturation: wapo.st/3ck8qgl🧵
In the meantime, as Israel's cases soar, it became the first country to enter into a second lockdown. With some hospitals at capacity and turning patients away, the military is stepping in to set up field hospitals: bit.ly/3kBoTj7 2/4
Iran🇮🇷is in trouble: Among earliest to be hit, now in its 3rd wave. Each wave's baseline worse than last. Iran also coming off holiday travel & inadequate masking:bit.ly/2EmFuI5
“We no longer have orange and yellow, the whole country is in red" - Dep. Health Minister 3/4
Read 4 tweets
21 Sep
CDC: the coronavirus is airborne.

CDC finally acknowledged what scientists have been saying for months:

The virus isn't just spreading through large repiratory droplets that fall under gravity (6ft rule) but on small ones too that can travel farther. 1/3
newsweek.com/cdc-coronaviru…
This highlights the need for ventilation, in addition to masks, physical distancing, and hygiene. There are numerous examples of longer-distance aerosol transmission in indoor spaces. A few examples here: 2/3
This has been the defacto view in many countries. The Feb 3rd scientific study that characterized the virus even says "we propose that the disease could be transmitted by airborne transmission.."

The question is why it took us so long to accept it. 3/3
nature.com/articles/s4158…
Read 5 tweets
20 Sep
1. CDC: nearly 11,000 exposed to coronavirus on flights. Agency investigated 1,600 cases of people who flew while at risk of spreading the coronavirus, identifying nearly 11,000 people who potentially were exposed to the virus on flights 🧵
washingtonpost.com/local/traffica…
2. According to story, CDC contends viruses don't spread easily on planes w/air filtration systems, but being in close proximity to people for long periods is a problem. CDC’s guidance for travel is that staying home is safest. Indeed, in-flight transmission has been observed...
3. Yesterday researchers published an example of SARS-CoV-2 spread on planes. In March, a super-spreading event on a 10-hour London to Hanoi flight led to 16 Infections due to what is thought to be airborne transmission on the aircraft...
Read 5 tweets

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