Payrolls +638k in October, and the unemployment rate has fallen by a full percentage point to 6.9% (even as participation rose).

A very strong household report, with a weaker (but pretty much as expected) payrolls report.

Sadly, the payrolls report is usually more informative.
That unemployment rate is worth digging into. It comes from a separate survey, in which employment was reported to have grown by a massive 2.2 million.

This decline in unemployment occurred even as the labor force grew 724k.

It's good news, but from the less reliable survey.
Usually payrolls growth of +638k would be fantastic news. But right now, much less so.

The economy lost 22 million jobs Feb-Apr, and had made half of that back by Sept.

If we crawl back the remaining 11 million jobs at this rate, it'll take ages. The recovery is worryingly slow
Characterizing the economy:
1. It's in a deep hole
2. It used to be in a much deeper hole
3. So it's improving
4. But it's improving at a slow rate
5. And that slow rate isn't picking up
6. At least that slow rate of improvement isn't slowing
7. But rising covid could change that
Here's what's worrying me. The easy work of this recovery -- the mechanical snap back from recalling furloughed workers -- is largely done. That disguises a problem of rising unemployment due to folks who have permanently lost their jobs.
The dynamics of shutting down and reopening are violent, and their whipsaw overwhelms everything else in the data. But once that's over (it's nearly over), the question is what sort of labor market will we be left with.

Right now, it looks like it's still in a significant slump.
...and we're still waiting on payrolls reports from crucial Waukesha County.
Big picture.
1. Perhaps our political crisis is receding.
2. But the covid crisis is accelerating with record case numbers (still growing exponentially), high and rising covid deaths.
3. The economic crisis is ongoing (and could worsen as the covid crisis worsens).
People sure seem pretty emotional about today’s payrolls report.

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More from @JustinWolfers

3 Nov
Lemme tell you a little about why I'm not putting much weight on prediction markets this election. The short version is that the main US market, @PredictIt, is structured in a way that allows big mis-pricings to persist.
Right now, you can sell a share that pays $1 if Trump wins, for 40 cents. I would love to do that. But there are large transaction costs that get in the way, and they're so big that it would be wrong to infer that markets believe that Trump is anywhere near a 40% chance to win. Image
Let's say that I'm willing sell 1000 of these shares, effectively buying "Not Trump" shares for 60 cents. If so, I'll lose $600 if Trump wins. You might think that I stand to win $400 if Trump loses, but that's not quite the whole story, because transaction costs are a big deal.
Read 14 tweets
29 Oct
GDP rose by +7.4% in Q3 (pretty much exactly as expected), after falling by -9.0% in Q2 and -1.3% in Q1. All told, the economy is -3.5% smaller than it was at the end of 2019.

For context, the economy is roughly as far below its peak as in the darkest days of the last recession
When the economy rises by +7.4%, some will report this as being at an "annualized rate" of 33.1%.

Lemme be crystal clear: This does not mean that the economy is now one-third bigger. (Lemme explain...)
Reporting *quarterly* GDP growth at an *annualized* rate answers the question: If the economy also grew at this rate for the next 3 quarters, how much larger would the economy be?

But there's no chance that will happen, so the annualized rate answers a question no-one is asking.
Read 17 tweets
2 Oct
Payrolls rose +661k in September and unemployment fell half a point to 7.9%.

We are still 11 million jobs below the February level -- a larger gap than at the low point of the financial crisis.

The economy is a deep hole, and the rate at which we're digging out is slowing.
While unemployment fell sharply (down by -970k), it's mainly because participation plunged, and the labor force fell by -695k.
The easy work of ending furloughs is slowing (temporary layoffs were down by 1.5 million), but the harder work of repairing the more lasting damage is only growing, and permanent layoffs were up by 345,000.
Read 13 tweets
11 Sep
Hey look, my favorite economist is testifying at the @WaysMeansCmte in Washington-ish in the next few minutes (around 12:15pm). She's got a lot to say about our way out of our current mess.

You can watch here on twitter (link below), or on youtube here:
SHE'S ON. More can't miss TV from C-SPAN filled with meaty econo-goodness.
twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1…
Betsey urges Congress to focus not on the changes but on the levels. The economy's in a funk, and it needs help.

TELL 'EM BETSEY.
Read 6 tweets
27 Aug
The Fed's announces tweaks to its monetary policy strategy.
federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pre…
I suspect Fed watchers will see this as big. It seems more like a gradual evolution to me.

There are three big changes, which I'll take in turn.
First, the Fed promises to focus on "shortfalls of employment", rather than "deviations" is just clarifying what it always meant.

Shortfalls matter for the employment part of the dual mandate.
But deviations matter for inflation.

So it retains the right to respond to deviations
Read 11 tweets
26 Aug
Every econ instructor I know has been flat out all summer preparing for the new semester. With all that’s happened in the world, we’ve got a lot of work to do to update our classes to reflect our new covid reality.

So I thought I would see what I could do to help… #teachecon
So over the summer I’ve been working furiously to put together a slide deck that folks can use to their classes with covid examples, recent economic data and studies, and discussion questions.

Now, it's time to share it. You can download it all here: users.nber.org/~jwolfers/teac…
The covid crisis is the biggest thing that’s happened in our students’ lives, and if we want to make the case that economics is relevant, we need to show them that the frameworks we’re teaching speak directly to these issues.

Hopefully these slides will give you a head start.
Read 7 tweets

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