One answer is that company engages in hedging by using derivatives as a legitimate business decision and claims the hedging cost as a tax-deductible expense.
I don’t think losses if any resulting from speculative trades using derivatives will be allowed as a tax-deductible expense.
Also, when companies use all sorts of tricks to avoid paying taxes, it reveals something about the quality of the management. A substantial proportion of companies which create value for stockholders are those who also pay full taxes.
Indeed, the closer the tax to pretax earnings ratio is to the marginal tax rate for a company, the better is the market’s perception of the quality of its earnings. And that quality is usually reflected in the P/E multiple.
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One student in my Forensic Accounting course wrote about manipulation in many large companies and how it pushes the retail investor into the corner. My (slightly edited) response:
All investing carries risk. Equity investing is no different. But look at the world around you. If you really want to compound your capital and beat inflation and make some real money, you have to invest in equities - which includes owning 100% of your own business by the way.
Yes, you will lose money because of misgovernance. But that does not mean that everyone is a crook. So you have to find ways to avoid getting stuck in businesses with governance issues. And even if you exercise all caution, you will still not be immune.
At one point during the talk, Neeraj showed an example when he deliberately asked a dumb question from the management of a company he was working on. Immediately I could relate this to Detective Columbo. See this: quora.com/How-has-the-Co…
Very valid points made by you. In the class, the example is a bit more elaborate. For example, I include "hafta" as a necessary expense. Now let me try to address your concerns.
In the original example the street vendor has fixed assets of 10k, inventory of 1k, margin over cost of 100%, and one day's revenue Rs 2k. Depreciation Rs 50. And Profit was Rs 950. Annual profit assuming 300 days of work was Rs 2.85 lacs. and the ROCE is an astonishing 2,590%
You said I did not count the salary of the person. Fair enough. So let's fix it. Let's retire the sole proprietor and replace him with an employee who will run the business for him for a salary. Today, you can hire security guards for INR 10k a month, and they have night duties.
One, there was pent up demand in Q2 because of shutdown in Q1. So earnings which would have occurred in Q1 moved to Q2. This is temporary.
Two, many costs were not incurred in Q2 or the money spent on them was much lower than what was spent in Q2 of the previous year. For example, travel and advertising and rents etc. Some of these cost savings may endure. Others won’t.
Power doesn’t always corrupt, and you can see it in the case of, for example, Al Smith or Sam Rayburn. There, power cleanses.
But what power always does is reveal, because when you’re climbing, you have to conceal from people what it is you’re really willing to do, what it is you want to do.
But once you get enough power, once you’re there, where you wanted to be all along, then you can see what the protagonist wanted to do all along, because now he’s doing it.
We know the total capex. We can get it from the fixed asset schedule in the balance sheet. We can also get it from the cash flow statement as net investment in fixed assets.
We should do this over a BLOCK of years and not just one year because one-year data has noise. Also, why should the time taken by a planet to circle the sun synchronize precisely for time taken for business actions to pay off? (Buffett)