Sanctions have their uses (mostly actually as a diplomatic tool for bloc-building, I'd argue), but as a means of suasion, they really only work on issues an adversary considers relatively unimportant.
That said, I think there is a tendency to confuse sanctions-as-suasion vs. sanctions-as-economic-warfare (not being made by @EmmaMAshford here, to be clear), because we often pretend we're doing the former when we're really doing the later.
"We are going to intentionally crater the economy of X so they have less resources to do Y" is a fairly reasonable strategic maneuver, but not a very politic one given that 1) the pain falls on regular people and 2) admitting the goal is essentially admitting to hostilities.
Thus frequently pretending - or worse, convincing ourselves - we're using sanctions to convince a regime to change course, when we're really using sanctions to draw lines between 'us' and 'them' in international disputes (thus bloc-building) while engaging in economic warfare.
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Since y'all wanted me to write about the silly idea of the 'universal warrior' and warrior vs. soldier dichotomy, and it came up in the context of Steven Pressfield's silly video...I am now watching his video series.
Y'all do not know the pains I go through to educate the public
Seriously, he opens by treating Plutarch's Sayings of Spartan Women entirely uncritically as a representation of Spartan culture pre-490.
That is the very first thing he does and it causes me physical pain.
Also, he's calling Sparta a warrior culture, which...I hate Sparta. A lot. I am on record on this point.
But even I would contend that the Spartans were soldiers, not warriors.
I am extraordinarily confused by the number of non-PhD-havers in certain media outlets who proclaim with absolute certainty that among the PhD-having-intelligentsia, using the title 'Dr.' for PhDs (and Ed.Ds) is somehow gauche.
It's not, that's stupid. 1/8
Look - do academics go around the office calling their colleagues 'Dr. so-and-so'? No, because this isn't a Jane Austen novel (if only because we're not that witty) and we don't say Mr. or Ms. in casual conversation either. 2/8
But when writing a formal letter, or a cold email, or introducing someone's talk or any other situation where you'd use 'Mr.' or 'Ms.' we absolutely use Dr. for PhD-havers (and EdD-havers!).
It is not gauche, it is normal and failing to do so is a bit of a faux pas. 3/8
My own take for why this is a problem has to do less with the abilities of any particular SecDef or fears about the increasing politicization of the military and more to do with long-term norms about control and direction. 1/14
There is a trap and it is relatively easy to slide into where the normative assumption (among the public and elites) is that civilian leaders ought not interfere with military leaders due to the latter's superior expertise. 2/14
That risk is particularly acute in a society which generally assigns high moral qualities to service personnel and low moral qualities to politicians (as we do). There is already a lot of 'if only the politicians would let the generals do the job' popular discourse. 3/14
It's time for a long twitter thread on the nature and limits of the evidence for the ancient world!
As you may be aware, compared to even something like the European Middle Ages (much less the modern period) the evidence for the ancient world is really very limited!
1/lots
Because the evidence for the ancient world is so limited, it is often necessary when writing narrative histories for regular people to scaffold around known facts to fill in some of the blanks.
Obviously this has risks and good scholars signal when they are doing it. 2/xx
But a lot of times, when you don't know the evidence, the difference between the fact-supported pillar and the guess-work-supported lintel isn't clear, especially if the lintel is the point of the argument and thus directly asserted as the conclusion of the pillars. 3/
So I was listening to the latest Weeds podcast (megaphone.link/VMP2273454623) on Biden's foreign policy with @mattyglesias and @EmmaMAshford ; there's a lot of good stuff there, but I had a bit of a quibble with it, particularly re: peer competition with China 1/18
My quibble is mostly given that the Weeds presents these segments functionally as 'explainers' rather than as more directly persuasive, argumentative pieces. They are supposed to give people a sense of the state of Biden's policy and perhaps the state of the debate. 2/18
Because I don't know that this does that. @EmmaMAshford presents the shift to great power competition with China as a situation where we have asked 'how' (and answered, 'build ships') before we have asked 'why' and if we should even have competition at all. 3/18