India produces over 60% of the total vaccines sold globally.

Free Universal Immunisation Programme was launched way back in 1985.

As Covid vaccination rolls out, let applause this great Indian success story, that must be handled with great care to ensure continued credibility
The vaccine production started in British times. Immediately after independence, a vast network of vaccine research and manufacturers was developed that made the success story possible
Expanded Programme of Immunisation was launched in 1978.

People of my age remember the extensive free vaccination in schools and all still have marks of vaccination on our arms.

Small pox to Polio have been eradicated.

free universal immunisation was expanded in 2005
This success story of vaccine development, manufacture and immunisation could happen because India laid a huge network of Research Institutes. A glance:

International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology  (ICGEB),Delhi

National Institute of Immunology (NII), Delhi 5/n
New Delhi

National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune

National Aids Research Institute (NARI), Pune

National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata

Tuberculosis Research Centre (TRC), Chennai

Regional Medical Research Centre (BBSR), Bhuvaneshwar
6/n
Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow

Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH) Chandigarh

Centre for cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad

Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 7/n
All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi

Indian Institute of Sciences (IISC),  Banglore

Anna University, Chennai

Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS), Wardha

Indian Immunologicals Ltd. (IIL), Hyderabad
8/n
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, (SGPGIMS), Lucknow

Delhi university(DU), South Campus

Pasteur Institute of India, (PII), Coonoor

Haffkine Institute (HI), Mumbai

Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital (TMC), Mumbai
9/n
King Institute of  Preventive Medicine, Chennai

Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli

Hyderabad University, Hyderabad

Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICPO), Delhi
10/n

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More from @gurdeepsappal

12 Jan
We might be witnessing an interesting legal debate in the days to come.

If the agitating farmers refuse to hold consultations with committee, then what will happen?

Can court force anyone to participate in consultation?

Will the agitation then be held in contempt of court?
Can the right to protest be conditional to persuasive role of the court?

In case of a stalemate, what is the role of the govt?

Will the stay on implementation continue even if agitating farmers’ don’t come to the committee?

If the agitation ends, what will happen to stay?
Can court cap the powers of women & elders to agitate in the name of compassion?

Can any organisation take or be given unilateral responsibility or accountability of any person willingly participating in protests?

What if women & elderly refuse to withdraw from protests?
Read 4 tweets
11 Jan
कृषि क़ानून विरोधी आंदोलन से जुड़े 2 मुद्दे सप्रीम कोर्ट में हैं:

1. क्या ये क़ानून संवैधानिक हैं?
2. ये कि आंदोलन ग़लत है,SC उसे समाप्त करने का आदेश दे।

आज दूसरे मुद्दे पर सुनवाई थी,संवैधानिक पहलू पर अभी बहस नहीं हुई है।

आंदोलन को SC ने ग़लत नहीं माना,सरकार पर नाराज़गी दिखायी
SC बिना संवैधानिकता की बहस पूरी किये क़ानून ख़ारिज नहीं कर सकता।

इसलिए क़ानून को फ़िलहाल लागू न करने का सुझाव आज कोर्ट की ओर से आया।

किसान क़ानून की संवैधानिकता पर नहीं, उसके प्रभाव पर सवाल उठा रहे हैं। क्योंकि कोई भी क़ानून संविधान सम्मत होते हुए भी दुष्प्रभावी हो सकता है 2/n
आज की सुनवाई किसानों की माँग पर नहीं थी। ये सुनवाई उन याचिकाओं के कारण हुई थी, जो कोर्ट की मार्फ़त किसान आंदोलन को ग़लत ठहरा कर, उसे समाप्त करने का निर्देश कोर्ट से चाहते थे।

मगर कोर्ट ने सहमति नहीं दी। इसलिए आंदोलन चलता रहेगा।
3/n
Read 6 tweets
10 Jan
The controversy on the two Indian covid vaccines is a direct consequence of the lack of credibility of this govt’s decisions.

When unscientific assertions, impulsive decisions, impure data are integral to any govt’s public policy, then all public policies become questionable.
Vaccinating 138 crore won’t be easy. India has successful experience of polio eradication recently and many more in past. Infact, polio vaccine was an oral one, didn’t require trained manpower. Yet it was humongous task and took meticulous planning and execution. 2/n
Covid vaccination is an even more daunting task. The scale of pandemic called for emergency responses in vaccine development, in inventory management and in delivery mechanism. Routine administrative responses would never deliver. Everyone understands it.
Had the govt....
3/n
Read 4 tweets
7 Dec 20
A letter written in 2010 by former Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar has surfaced, wherein he is advocating reforms in APMC.

It’s hinted that he his changing his position due to political motivations.

What are the facts? Let’s examine.
1/n
The letter talks of Draft APMC Rules 2007.
1. In draft rules, state govts are empowered to declare any market as Special Market or Sp Commodity Market functioning under a Market Committee.
2. New agri-laws have placed the private agri business out of the ambit of mandi system 2/n
3. 2007 Rules empower Market Committees Rk collect levy, fees, under the aegis of state govts.
4. New agri-laws restrict APMC or state govt from collecting levy, fees from private market.
3/n
Read 14 tweets
6 Dec 20
आज पूर्व कृषि मंत्री शरद पवार का 2010 में मुख्यमंत्रियों को लिखा पत्र सोशल मीडिया में जारी हुआ है, जिसमें वे APMC में सुधार की वकालत कर रहे हैं।

इशारा ये है कि वे अब राजनीति के चलते पाला बदल रहे हैं।

पर क्या ये सच है? आइए देखें
1/n
पत्र में Draft APMC Rules 2007 की वकालत की गयी है

1. इसमें राज्य सरकार को अधिकार दिया गया है कि किसी मार्केट को स्पेशल मार्केट या स्पेशल कमोडिटी मार्केट घोषित कर सके, जो मार्केट कमेटी के अधीन काम करेगी
2. नए कृषि बिल में कृषि व्यापार को मंडी समिति से दायरे से बाहर कर दिया है।2/n
3.2007 के सुधार अनुसार मार्केट समिति को टैक्स लेवी, फ़ीस एकत्र करने का अधिकार था, जो राज्य के अन्तर्गत था।
4.नए कृषि क़ानून में कोई APMC मंडी या राज्य सरकार टैक्स लेवी या फ़ीस नहीं ले सकती।

(2007 की मार्केट समिति को मंडी समिति की तर्ज़ पर ही सुझाया गया है) 3/n
Read 13 tweets
6 Dec 20
SC scholarship for 60 lakh students stopped.

Modi govt says, क्या करें, states r discontinuing or scaling it down since 2017-18

What an excuse!
Wasn’t it Modi govt tht starved states of funds by reducing centre’s contribution from 60% to 10%
Aren’t most states are ruled by BJP!
In 2017-18, Finance Ministry formula under 12th Finance Commission brought down Center’s contribution down from 60 % to 10%.

Interestingly, it is the only centrally sponsored scheme that does not follow 60:40 formula.
All India Post Matric Scholarship began in 2008-09.

Up until 2017-18, the scholarship was fully sponsored by the Centre

In April 2018, states were asked to share the scholarship, under the condition of ‘committed liability’.
Read 5 tweets

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