Colour me biased but very little has been said about India and it's absolute squashing of (reported) cases in media overall, Western and otherwise, afaik. It's quite something for a densely populated state to reach 100k/day then go down this well, clearly lots to learn (1/)
Sure there's underreporting, but if you argue that, then the peak looks even worse which makes this even more amazing IMHO. No more huge reports of any hospitals being stressed, so this just has to be real (2/)
First hand exp, can say people back on streets, shops open - many offices still shut, but public transport ~normal crowds yet no resurgence. Winter in the north is as cold as UK, yet no resurgence there either, so not just weather (3/)
Social distancing is next to nothing (primarily because impossible), yet cases have⬇️. Yes, India has favourable age demographics but can't prevent affecting vulnerable groups as they still transmit, so it can't explain by itself lack of huge # deaths (4/)
Likely many reasons, biological cultural & more, all small by themselves but w/ synergistic effects:
1 - some level of generic protective immunity. Unhygienic - by west stds - environmental conditions possibly leading to enhanced "battle ready" state of immune system? (5/)
2 - ventilated houses/shops. Very few areas are fully enclosed (true even at height of summer (40C+) and height of winter (<10C in large swathes of north), enabling some air flow at least and largely reducing indoor transmission.
3 - testing regimes. the central-state coordinated response enabled private labs to test, expanding availability quickly but data was collected centrally from all tests, allowing central response management.
4 - localized on ground nimble solutions. in one city, the govt setup door to door daily checking thru army of paid workers to identify symptomatic cases and encourage testing. Daily walk up fever camps run in many areas. Localized marking of affected areas and targeted solutions
5 - more nimble solutions, this time from citizens. For ex., in many cities, produce vendors switched to driving through neighbourhoods w supplies so residents could buy at door without risking going to crowded shops
6 - fairly universal rule adherence. though anti-mask/anti-lockdown sentiments were prevalent, vast majority wore (still wear) masks in big cities, and followed most guidelines.
7 - regulated intra-country travel. each state developed its own rules, updated as situation changed, but reasonable tracking systems were in place to capture information. went overboard sometimes sure, but better safe than sorry in a pandemic?
These come to mind, but I probably missed many more.

All this of course not to imply response was perfect - sudden harsh lockdown hit many millions very hard leading to unconscionable consequences, incl non-virus deaths as people migrated on foot. True cost will never be known
But if one does accept that and still looks with an open eye, I think there are many important learnings to take away for the future and for other countries. India might have had some (biological?) luck but also important to build on it.
Do comment and critique, love to hear contrarian viewpoints and angles I must have missed.
As it so happens, today was India's republic day, a day of pride indeed for all Indians. 🇮🇳
A thread on factors and moves that might have contributed to India's virus squashing response (so far). Hoping to discuss & hear views, contrarian or otherwise!

@PriyankaPulla @ainvvy @HarmitMalik @pickettjessica @zeusisdead @BallouxFrancois @krishashok

A thread on factors and moves that might have contributed to India's virus squashing response (so far). Hoping to discuss & hear views, contrarian or otherwise!

@drkamnakakkar @Andrew007Uk @KurtadikarKetan @Stuffedparatha @stpalli @sambit_dash @kakape

A thread on factors and moves that might have contributed to India's virus squashing response (so far). Hoping to discuss & hear views, contrarian or otherwise!

@DeepaAgashe @Laasyasam @RMantri @Srivashist @rajbhagatt @ScienceShared @tvpadma @rsidd120

A thread on factors and moves that might have contributed to India's virus squashing response (so far). Hoping to discuss & hear views, contrarian or otherwise!

@bhalomanush @karthiks @deeptabhattacha @VincentRK @TheNunJay @devisridhar

Francois and co argue, and I'd say convincingly to me, that India didn't escape by any means and we just got lucky due to our hugely skewed age demographics. See sub-thread here

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More from @iamgkadam

7 Jan
For anyone, just *anyone*, again asking if immunity to CoV2 persists, hope this assuages all fears. An astounding yes is the answer. Absolutely just as one would have expected.
Wish the media brouhaha over waning immunity and antibody titers by immuno armchair experts could have been avoided. All that mental stress, public confusion, for what? Just let science do it's job. Please.

Same goes for new variants and "vaccines will be ineffective" and more.
This is not to say vaccines will *always* be effective. It is with high confidence that I say that they'll continue to be effective, but that is not 100% confidence. It is ~99%, and that is because we are still doing more experiments to make that 100% and that data will come soon
Read 4 tweets
19 Dec 20
@Billy__Grove @KernNoris @KrutikaKuppalli @itosettiMD_MBA @Moderna Mutations are completely random, there's no rhyme or reason behind them. Only the ones that are similar/better than original will survive, rest will be completed out (Darwin's survival of fittest). (1/)
@Billy__Grove @KernNoris @KrutikaKuppalli @itosettiMD_MBA @Moderna But what can happen over time as a virus gets more virulent, which is to it's advantage one would think, is that at one point, it'll become so virulent, ie disease causing, that the host would become sicker sooner so transmission to next individual becomes lesser likely (2/)
@Billy__Grove @KernNoris @KrutikaKuppalli @itosettiMD_MBA @Moderna And because viruses need hosts (us) to make copies, there's a cliff of fitness after which it is to the virus' disadvantage to keep getting "better" at causing disease. This is when the virus will naturally fade away. (3/)
Read 4 tweets
1 May 20
A (very long) thread on testing, the current scenario, and what ails us from testing more.

TL;DR version - unlikely to be able to do mass-scale testing w status quo. Need to experiment w currently avl test, or develop radically new tests. (1/n)
The WHO mantra has been "Test, test and test"+"test, track and trace". Test=genetic test btw, not serology. Great idea, and I'd say thats how China, Korea managed to keep the lid on. BUT they caught it early, so worked. Why are other countries struggling to ramp up tests? (2/n)
For contact tracing to work, you need to identify every last case. Easier when you have fewer cases ("catch cases early! stop the spread!!" sounds familiar?). Else, there's way too many silent, asymptomatic spreaders to track. So, end up having to test most/full populations (3/n)
Read 22 tweets
5 Apr 20
Starting a thread for new #SARSCoV2 ideas that we have been brainstorming amongst friends. Calling for inputs, suggestions and help getting someone to try developing in the lab if it makes sense.

First one now is a yeast/bacteria based diagnostic test

#sciencetwitter
One main constraint in current RTPCR/serology tests is supply of physical materials (RNA extraction reagents etc) and trained personnel. Need POC quick tests. What about a microbe that gives a colorimetric readout? Interested? Read on..
The virus uses both ACE2 (receptor) and TMPRSS2 (protease) to enter human cells. Presumably, and this I dont know for sure, the virus is bound to both simultaneously (atleast for some fraction of time). Critical to the idea Image
Read 18 tweets
24 Mar 20
With the ongoing Covid-19 situation, there are some questions repeatedly going around:
-"How did China, Korea etc manage to create a test for a completely novel virus so fast?"
-"Why are rest of the world so slow?"
-"What happened in the US with the first test being faulty?"
I am going to try to explain the test here. Buckle up for some #scicomm

To answer these questions, we first need to understand how the test works. It tests whether the genetic material unique to the virus is present in the patient sample.
Coronaviruses, of which Covid-19 is just one kind, all contain RNA just like humans carry DNA in each cell. This RNA is a set of letter A,G,C and U, arranged in a unique sequence. Chinese scientists deciphered this unique sequence for Covid-19 in Jan (tinyurl.com/vfqms3h).
Read 19 tweets

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