The two main areas of metaphysics involve ontology (i.e. what is reality) and epistemology (i.e. how do we know what we know). These two areas are unified under the same tent of Turing computation.
The idea of the universe being a computer is an old one. I believe Konrad Zuse was the earliest person to propose this idea. (Let me know if I am wrong here!). I don't think one can make a distinction between causation and computation other than that the latter is more general.
Epistemology, how we know what we know is bounded by Turing's theory. It is known as the halting problem. That is, there are limits to what one universal Turing machine can predict from observing another Turing machine.
What minds do is that they predict the world by creating approximate models. There are no good approximate models of an undecideable computation. What minds can only observe of this world are computations that have been decided. The undecided is Bohm' implicate order.
Humans know what they know because we construct our minds through our experiences. Biological minds are intuition machines and build their cognition of this world by constructing an internal neural language to represent their worlds.
Humans transcend these islands of private neural languages by inventing spoken language. Competence in language required that a major fraction of our brains have been exaptated for this purpose.
It is through language that the idea of metaphysics becomes emergent. This is because metaphysics is a language as to how to express what is reality and how is it that we can know of reality.
This is where most philosophers fall into the trap that Wittgenstein so keenly observed. "The world is everything that is the case. The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent."
Side note: Since I mentioned both Turing and Wittgenstein, I need to point out this debate: wittgensteinrepository.org/ojs/index.php/…
Humans aside from being intuition machines also have an intuitionistic competence in language. Our most sophisticated thought processes are a consequence of language. It is the best way that we can see reality but it is also what constrains us from seeing reality.
To conclude with the metaphysics. All reality defers to computation both the decideable and the undecideable. We know of reality through language. Language is a facade we create to understand reality.
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