Additional context as why I have more optimistic view of variants of #COVD19 over the next six weeks across North America/Northern Europe

Host-Agent-Environment is commonly used framework for infectious diseases

Host -- us
Agent -- SARS-CoV-2
Environment -- conditions around us
With introduction of the #COVID19 variants

Agent -- Increased transmissibility with variants (more likely to bind receptor cells, higher VL, ? longer infectiousness)

Host -- increased immunity, ? increase in contacts with release of restrictions

Environment -- seasonal changes
Many models seem to directly assume that increased transmissibility will increase transmission and will increase case counts at population level.

But transmissibility is not the only determinant of transmission. Ie, see the epidemiological triad from two tweets ago.
Increased transmissibility could enhance replacement where variants become dominant forms of SARS-CoV-2 and still not increase transmission to the point of dramatically changing the trajectory of cases and associated morbidity and mortality.

I think that's what will happen.
My optimism doesn't change the need for active public health strategies.

I am just cheerier as I go about that work.

So let us:
1) get people vaccinated
2) reinvest in public health infrastructure, IPAC in health/work places
3) Improve structural supports for folks on margins
Potential Indicators:
1) Hospitalization/Severity rates by VOC compared to wild-type
2) Evidence of changing trajectory of hospitalization/ICU admissions over coming weeks.
3) IPAC adherence in businesses that remain open
4) VOC case counts by exposure type to inform reopening

• • •

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More from @sdbaral

10 Feb
As a physician, and public health specialist, my job is to empower and educate people to make the best decisions for themselves.

Risk tolerance varies by person.

Some folks have extremely high risk tolerance in their lives and others less so.

films.nationalgeographic.com/free-solo

1/x
I believe that 2 weeks after 2nd dose, people are protected from serious cases of COVID-19 as defined by hospitalization or tragically causing death.

Again, the vaccine may not prevent from infection as much as severity of that infection consistent with influenza vaccines.

2/x
Even with that info, someone may or may not yet feel comfortable doing something and one shouldn’t feel pressured to do anything.

Over time, I think people will increase their contact rates with strangers—meeting a stranger, having dinner, elevators, social gatherings, etc.

3/x
Read 12 tweets
14 Nov 20
Why was #COVID19 seasonality so controversial?

Respiratory viruses are seasonal 2ary to immunity, population, and environmental determinants.

However, I was unprepared for how controversial discussing potential seasonality of seasonal hCoVs would be

1/4
Goals of discussing seasonality:

1) Facilitate empiric interpretation of the effects of Wave 1 restriction-based strategies
2) Prepare for Wave 2 with data-driven interventions responding to inequities nearly universally observed explained by living and working conditions.

2/4
Let's discuss this and much more:

1) Correlates of exposure/immunity (humoral & cellular markers)
2) Optimal mask interventions (who, where, why, how) to maximize population-level incidence reduction
3) Mandates vs guidelines facilitated by resources
4) Fear vs empowerment

3/4
Read 4 tweets
22 Oct 20
#COVID19 and #HumanRights

Invited by @CPHHR at @JohnsHopkinsSPH for brief talk on #COVID19 and #HumanRights frameworks.

Outline:
Bill of Human Rights
Human rights during emergencies
Country Examples
Governance and Freedom of the Press
Conclusions

Slides
1drv.ms/p/s!Au5JH22b5W…
Slide 1/16
Slide 2/16
Read 18 tweets
21 Oct 20
Welcome to an opportunity to document your guess in first gen #COVID19 vaccine efficacy and proportion of adverse events (Grade 2-5)

Grade 2-Moderate Sxs
Grade 3- Hospitalization
Grade 4- Life Threatening
Grade 5- Death

Bonus points study on A/E:
fda.gov/media/84954/do…

1/8
Oxford Non-Replicating Chimp Adenovirus Vaccine

Vaccine Efficacy - VE
Grade 2, G2
Grade 3-5, G3-5

Clinical Trials Link for Protocol:
clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04…

2/8
Moderna mRNA Vaccine

Vaccine Efficacy - VE
Grade 2, G2
Grade 3-5, G3-5

Clinical Trials Link for Protocol:
clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04…

3/8
Read 8 tweets
12 Oct 20
Restriction-Driven Responses Make No Sense (to me)

Wave 1 Ontario Data
170k tested & 16k #COVID19 diagnoses

Rate of positive test
64x in long term care (LTC)
19x in shelter

Age-Adjusted Mortality
40% higher in LTC

Txs @mishrash for including me:
cmajopen.ca/content/8/4/E6…

1/4
As of Oct 11 in Ontario, 58 LTC facilities in outbreak.

What did we need to do?

Paid leave for part-time staff if need to quarantine or isolate
(Seriously, how has this not happened yet? WTF!)

Overcome barriers to testing/symptom disclosure
(see note about PAID-LEAVE???)

2/4
What did we actually do?

Shut restaurants, gyms, and strip clubs.

I'm not an economist, but guess structural interventions would cost pennies on the dollar to whatever is happening now.

So when do we move from a populist to an empiric response? Ie, when is enough enough?

3/4
Read 4 tweets
25 Sep 20
Quantitative Study Designs and Critical Appraisal

Intended to help to do independent critical appraisal of the data being released in #COVID19 including an overview of study designs.

Also to help you assess whether "experts" did critical appraisal or are just repeating abstract
Quantitative Study Designs

Only covering studies where unit of analysis is an individual person.

There are also ecological studies which use a population as the level of analysis and systematic reviews & meta analyses which quantitatively combine results of several studies.
Observational Studies - Descriptive

Examples: case reports, case-series reports, surveillance studies, surveys

Cross-sectional studies - Describe the prevalence of a disease or other phenomena without looking for associations between variables
Read 13 tweets

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