The economics of electricity storage "arbitrage" are dominated by the ’round-trip’ efficiency of the energy storage system
Pumped-hydro, Liquid Air and Compressed Air storage can have round-trip efficiencies up to 70%
Green Hydrogen has a round-trip efficiency of around 30-35%
Lithium-ion batteries may offer round-trip efficiencies as high as 95%
Pumped Hydro has historically been the primary choice for Electricity Energy Storage worldwide
- Lithium ion batteries are now the major growth area, with the significant positives of fast response, excellent frequency management, increasing scale, and declining costs
The 65 GWh of estimated intra-day storage needs for the UK gives us a sense of future scale for the battery energy storage industry
This compares with the UK's annual energy use of ~8,400 PJ to suggest a rate of 65 / 8,400 = 7.74 GWh per 1,000 PJ
- as a first approximation
Applying this to the World's annual energy use of 534,000 PJs would give us :
534,000 PJ x 7.74 / 1,000 = 4,132 GWh = 4.1 TWh
This kind of scale is no longer out of reach as Battery GigaFactories start to proliferate in our World 4.0
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1. In both 2019 and 2020 there are one-off adjustments below the Operating Profit line that do not represent regular earnings
- in 2019 there was a gain from the sale of an asset group
- in 2020 there was a revaluation of their shares in DoorDash following its IPO
2. Secondly, their Bitcoin Revenues and Costs should really be reported on a Net basis otherwise they massively distort the apparent Revenue growth and Cost structure
- SQ earns very little money on those Bitcoin Revenues
In 2021 TSMC expects to invest between $25 billion and $28 billion in capital expenditures compared with $17.2 billion last year
TSMC’s 2021 capex includes investment for construction of its new facility in Arizona eetimes.com/tsmc-to-raise-…
The company has acquired 1,100 acres of land near the city of Phoenix as part of a long-term plan to build a production site on the same scale as TSMC’s so-called “megafabs” in Taiwan that are the mainstay of the company’s production
TSMC and next-door neighbor UMC said in January that their capacity is fully loaded, and the best they can do is to reallocate production to meet demand from global automakers like Volkswagen and Toyota, just to name a few
The semiconductor crunch that has battered the auto sector leaves carmakers with a stark choice: pay up, stock up or risk getting stuck on the sidelines as chipmakers focus on more lucrative business elsewhere reuters.com/article/us-aut…
Car manufacturers including Volkswagen, Ford and General Motors have cut output as the chip market was swept clean by makers of consumer electronics such as smartphones - the chip industry’s preferred customers because they buy more advanced, higher-margin chips
The semiconductor shortage - over $800 worth of silicon is packed into a modern electric vehicle - has exposed the disconnect between an auto industry spoilt by decades of just-in-time deliveries and an electronics industry supply chain it can no longer bend to its will