Although they don't change much day-to-day, I never get bored looking at these charts, because of the positive message behind them. and is that the first sign of the 70-74 line accelerating downwards? (just at the right time, 3 weeks after the peak vaccinations started) 1/n
and here's more boring data, with the sub-groups of 80+ all now consistently showing case rates (as a % of the all-ages total) >25% lower than they were in late January 2/n
some have asked me: why is the deviation not larger, when we know (from PHE/PHS published data) that the vaccines are more than 25% effective, and take-up has been nearly 100% in these age groups? And I think the answer is: 3/n
a) you need to remember that we're measuring case rates as a % of the all-age-group total (in order to remove the aggregate effect of the lockdown)
b) but lockdown works slightly less well for 80+, as we saw in Lockdown 2 in November - so we'd normally expect the 80+ cases 4/n
as a % of the total to *rise* during lockdown. Hence the vaccine is having to fight against that effect, and the deviation / reduction that we see is the net effect of the two effects - and hence is less than we expect. It doesn't mean the vaccine isn't working (it is). /end

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More from @JamesWard73

25 Feb
Model Update Klaxon: the good thing about publishing model results is that everyone tells me why they think the model is wrong – mostly constructively, and quite often I agree with them. So I’ve changed a few things, and it’s really good news. (thread)
Most of the updates today are to do with children, which hasn’t been a big focus of my modelling, as I was much more worried about what was going on with the over-50s. But it’s starting to become more relevant as we begin to ‘flirt’ with the herd immunity threshold (HIT). 3/n
Read 18 tweets
24 Feb
Since I updated my “vaccination & release” model last weekend, many people have asked me why it predicts a possible 4th wave, when so many people have already caught covid, or will have been vaccinated. To answer this it may be helpful to look at this chart: (thread)
This shows the proportion of the UK population that is immune either by having had covid (blue area), or by having been vaccinated (grey area, on top). In my model, the blue zone starts around 20% on Jan 1st (note this includes 2% who are infected with covid at that point) 2/n
This then grows to around 25% by the end of February, and stays flat around that level (i.e. not very many infections happening) until we remove the final set of controls in late June – note this is following the plan announced by Boris on Monday. 3/n
Read 25 tweets
23 Feb
Just updating the deviation graphs that I posted a few days ago: no major changes in trend, but good to see the cases in 75-79s continuing to head strongly downward under the influence of the vaccine, following the 80+: (short thread)
(to be clear on method, these figures are the cases in each age group expressed as a % of the total, and then indexed to 100% on 25th Jan so that we can see the deviation in each group on the same scale) 2/n
here's the chart for each of the subgroups within the 80+, you can see the 85-89s falling furthest, but the 90+ now working to catch up. 3/n
Read 7 tweets
23 Feb
Now the kids are in bed, I can focus on updating my model to deal with the many events of today. These include 1) Boris’s plan 2) recent case trends 3) news on vaccine effectiveness vs. serious disease, and vs. transmission. Results below: mostly good news. (thread)
1) Boris’s plan is not very different from some other scenarios we have already looked at – and just a few weeks slower to unlock than our base case. Regular readers will be able to predict that it pushes the “4th wave” peak into the autumn – but no real change to outcomes.
Note I’ve assumed that the final unlocking on June 21 goes into a “near normal” state with some continuing social-distancing requirements e.g. masks in crowded spaces, limits on large indoor events, ongoing WFH etc. – which lasts until 31 Dec.
Read 16 tweets
21 Feb
Thank you for all the replies to my thread yesterday on the exit strategy from lockdown – lots of positive and constructive comments, and a few helpful suggestions for additional scenarios or varied assumptions. I’ve done some of the easy ones: (thread)
1)Higher vaccine effectiveness vs. hospitalisation and transmission, responding to the most recent Pfizer data from Israel
2)Lower vaccine take-up in the under-50s / non-vulnerable group
3)Higher starting immunity
4)Stronger seasonality effect
Please note that our starting point for all these sensitivities is my controlled scenario with a moderate “fourth wave” in the summer, based on an opening to near-normality at the end of May. (and yes, I know seasonality might squash that wave – we’ll come to that). Image
Read 20 tweets
21 Feb
OK, I think I’m ready to call this as a new trend in the 75-79s (cases as a % of total, for England). The timing fits for this to be a vaccine effect; we know vaccination of this group started in earnest from 25th Jan (although some may have had it slightly before then) 1/5 Image
and the deviation is from 9th Feb i.e. 15 days later. Data from Phase 3 trials and from Israel was suggesting a delay of 14-19 days, perhaps longer in the older age groups. This is the link showing over-70s started booking from Monday 25th Jan: bbc.co.uk/news/uk-556981… 2/5
And this NHS data shows that 83% of 75-79yos were vaccinated by Sunday 31st Jan – so we should be getting the full effect of that over the next few days of data. england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-…
Read 6 tweets

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